Rafael Trujillo Biography

Rafael Trujillo Biography Rafael Leà ³nidas Trujillo Molina (October 24, 1891-May 30, 1961) was a military general who seized power in the Dominican Republic and ruled the island from 1930 to 1961. Known as the Little Caesar of the Caribbean, he is remembered as one of the most brutal dictators in Latin Americas history. Fast Facts: Rafael Trujillo Known For: Dictator of the Dominican RepublicAlso Known As: Rafael Leà ³nidas Trujillo Molina, Nicknames: El Jefe (The Boss), El Chivo (The Goat)Born: October 24, 1891 in San Cristà ³bal, Dominican RepublicDied: May 30, 1961 on a coastal highway between Santo Domingo and Haina in the Dominican RepublicParents: Josà © Trujillo Valdez, Altagracia Julia Molina Chevalier  Key Accomplishments:  While his regime was rife with corruption and self-enrichment, he also undertook the modernization and industrialization of the Dominican RepublicSpouse(s): Aminta Ledesma Lachapelle, Bienvenida Ricardo Martà ­nez, and Marà ­a de los Angeles Martà ­nez AlbaFun  Fact: The merengue song Mataron al Chivo (They Killed the Goat) celebrates the assassination of Trujillo in 1961 Early Life Trujillo was born of mixed-race ancestry to a lower-class family in San Cristà ³bal, a town on the outskirts of Santo Domingo. He began his military career during the U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916-1924) and was trained by U.S. marines in the newly formed Dominican National Guard (eventually renamed the Dominican National Police). Generalissimo Rafael L. Trujillo (left), Commander -in-Chief of the Dominican Republic armed forces, reviews a complement of the US Destroyer Norfolk, during a recent visit of the warship here. The nation declared a special holiday in honor of the visiting personnel, who in turn were invited to inspect the thirty naval vessels of the Dominican navy. Bettmann / Getty Images Rise to Power Trujillo eventually rose to Chief of the Dominican National Police, all the while engaging in shady business deals related to the purchase of military food, clothes and equipment, from which he began to amass wealth. Trujillo demonstrated a ruthless tendency to remove enemies from the army, place allies in key positions, and consolidate power, which is how he became the commander-in-chief of the army by 1927. When President Horacio Vzquez fell ill in 1929, Trujillo and his allies saw an opening to prevent Vice President Alfonseca, who they considered to be an enemy, from assuming the presidency. Trujillo began to work with another politician, Rafael Estrella Ureà ±a, to seize power from Vzquez. On February 23, 1930, Trujillo and Estrella Ureà ±a engineered a coup that eventually resulted in both Vzquez and Alfonseca resigning and ceding power to Estrella Ureà ±a. However, Trujillo had designs on the presidency himself and after months of intimidation and threats of violence toward other political parties, he assumed the presidency with Estrella Ureà ±a as vice president on August 16, 1930. The Trujillo Agenda: Repression, Corruption and Modernization Trujillo proceeded to murder and jail his opponents after the election. He also established a paramilitary force, La 42, designed to persecute his opponents and generally instill fear in the population. He exerted full control over the islands economy, establishing monopolies over salt, meat and rice production. He engaged in blatant corruption and conflicts of interest, forcing Dominicans to buy staple food products distributed by his own companies. By rapidly acquiring wealth, Trujillo was eventually able to push out owners across various sectors, such as insurance and tobacco production, forcing them to sell to him. Vice-President Richard M. Nixon and General Rafael L. Trujillo of the Dominican Republic (right) exchange warm greetings on Nixons arrival in Ciudad Trujillo, March 1st. The visit to the Dominican Republic marked the next-to-last stage of Nixons good Will tour of Latin America. During an official motorcade through the city, Nixon was cheered by some 15,000 schoolchildren. Streets were decked with U.S. and Dominican flags. Bettmann / Getty Images He also issued propaganda proclaiming himself as the savior of a previously backward country. In 1936 he changed the name of Santo Domingo to Ciudad Trujillo (Trujillo City) and began to erect monuments and dedicate street names to himself. Despite the vast corruption of Trujillos dictatorship, his fortunes were closely tied to the Dominican economy, and thus the population benefitted as his government went about modernizing the island and undertaking infrastructure and public works projects, such as improving sanitation and paving roads. He was particularly successful in pushing industrialization, creating industrial plants for the production of shoes, beer, tobacco, alcohol, vegetable oil, and other products. Industries enjoyed special treatment, like protection from labor unrest and foreign competition. Sugar was one of Trujillos largest ventures, particularly in the post-war era. Most of the sugar mills were owned by foreign investors, so he set about buying them up with state and personal funds. He used nationalist rhetoric to back up his agenda of taking over foreign-owned sugar mills. At the end of his reign, Trujillos economic empire was unprecedented: he controlled nearly 80% of the countrys industrial production and his firms employed 45% of the active labor force. With 15% of the labor force employed by the state, this meant that 60% of the population depended on him directly for work. Although Trujillo ceded the presidency to his brother in 1952 and 1957 and installed Joaquà ­n Balaguer in 1960, he maintained de facto control over the island until 1961, using his secret police to infiltrate the population and rout out dissent using intimidation, torture, imprisonment, kidnapping and rape of women, and assassination. The Haitian Question One of Trujillos most well-known legacies was his racist attitudes toward Haiti and the Haitian sugarcane laborers who lived near the border. He stoked the historic Dominican prejudice against black Haitians, advocating a deafricanization of the nation and restoration of Catholic values (Knight, 225). Despite his own mixed race identity, and the fact that he himself had a Haitian grandparent, he projected the image of the Dominican Republic as a white, Hispanic society, a myth that persists to this day with bigoted, anti-Haitian legislation being passed as recently as 2013. A celebration in praise of President Rafael L. Trujillo Sr. The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images Trujillos anti-Haitian sentiment culminated in the murder of an estimated 20,000 Haitians in October 1937, when he traveled to the border and declared that the Haitian occupation of the border areas would no longer continue. He ordered all Haitians remaining in the area to be murdered on sight. This act provoked widespread condemnation across Latin America and the U.S. After an investigation, the Dominican government paid Haiti $525,000 for damages and injuries occasioned by what officially was termed frontier conflicts. (Moya Pons, 369). Trujillos Downfall and Death Dominican exiles opposed to the Trujillo regime carried out two failed invasions, one in 1949 and one in 1959. However, things shifted in the region once Fidel Castro succeeded in overthrowing Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. In order to help the Dominicans overthrow Trujillo, Castro armed a military expedition in 1959 composed mostly of exiles but also some Cuban military commanders. The uprising failed, but the Cuban government continued urging Dominicans to revolt against Trujillo and this inspired more conspiracies. One widely publicized case was that of the three Mirabal sisters, whose husbands had been jailed for conspiring to overthrow Trujillo. The sisters were assassinated on November 25, 1960, provoking outrage. One of the decisive factors in Trujillos downfall was his attempt to assassinate Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt in 1960 after discovering that the latter had participated years before in a conspiracy to oust him. When the assassination plot was revealed, the Organization of American States (OAS) severed diplomatic ties with Trujillo and imposed economic sanctions. Moreover, having learned its lesson with Batista in Cuba and recognizing that Trujillos corruption and repression had gone too far, the U.S. government withdrew its longstanding support of the dictator it had helped train. On May 30, 1961 and with the help of the CIA, Trujillos car was ambushed by seven assassins, some of whom were part of his armed forces, and the dictator was killed. 6/5/1961-Ciudad Trujillo, Dominican Republic-Newsmen view the car in which Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo was assasinated. The automobile contained about 60 bullet holes, and had blood stains on the back seat where Trujillo was seated. Late June 4th, Dominican authorities reported that two of the assassins had been killed in a gun battle with security police. Bettmann / Getty Images Legacy There was widespread rejoicing by Dominicans when they learned that Trujillo had died. Bandleader Antonio Morel released a merengue (the national music of the Dominican Republic) shortly after Trujillos death called Mataron al Chivo (They killed the goat); the goat was one of Trujillos nicknames. The song celebrated his death and declared May 30 a day of freedom. Many exiles returned to the island to tell stories of torture and imprisonment, and students marched to demand democratic elections. Juan Bosch, a populist reformer, who had been an early dissident during the Trujillo regime and who had gone into exile in 1937, was democratically elected in December 1962. Unfortunately his socialist-leaning presidency, focused on land reform, was at odds with U.S. interests and lasted less than a year; he was deposed by the military in September 1963. While authoritarian leaders like Joaquà ­n Balaguer have continued to hold power in the Dominican Republic, the country has maintained free and competitive elections and has not returned to the level of repression under the Trujillo dictatorship. Sources Gonzalez, Juan. Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America. New York: Viking Penguin, 2000.Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism, 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.Moya Pons, Frank. The Dominican Republic: A National History. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998.

fall of okonkwo essays

fall of okonkwo essays In Chinua Achebes novel Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo has many character faults and imperfections. Okonkwos unmanageable anger and fears do not allow him to live a life of greatness. In Okonkwos Ibo tribe he is loved and feared. Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond...He brought honor to his tribe by throwing Amalinze the Cat... (3). In Okonkwos society, power is claimed by making a name for yourself, even if fame is reached through combat. Although honor is an important quality, when violence is used to obtain it, it becomes less respected and admirable. Prosperity was visible in his household... his own hut stood behind the only gate in the red walls. Each of his three wives had her own hut...long stacks of yams stood out prosperously in the barn... Okonkwo offers prayers on the behalf of himself, his three wives, and eight children. (14) Okonkwos dedication to his family and his crops is similar to his ability to kill, which gives him power. Okonkwo influences everyone around him to take part in hard labor like he does. Having such a large family gives Okonkwo pride as head supporter of the family. Okonkwo had a fear of failure which I believe was influenced by his father and eventually conquered him. Okonkwos father had a reputation of being poor and his wife and children had just barely enough to eat...they swore never to lend him any more money because he never paid back. (5) In Umuofia, a father is supposed to teach children values. Right and wrong were not taught. Okonkwo taught himself that a superior person was a reverse of who his father was. Because of Okonkwos fear to be seen as weak, he even kills a child that calls him father. He heard Ikemefuna cry my father, they have killed me!... Okonkwo draws his machete and... cuts him down... He does not want to be though weak. (61)...

India's Economy and China's Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

India's Economy and China's Economy - Essay Example Looking at this view of his, let us take this stance further by discussing how the divergence and competence of the entrepreneurial forces in India has given it a slight edge over China, when it comes to facilitating environment for the entrepreneurs.. Generally speaking, China is viewed way ahead of India regarding government policy formulation and implementation. China surpasses India with its faster government policies, modern and developed infrastructures and well-versed economic policies. On the contrary, India is fuddled with slow legal processes, underdeveloped infrastructures and relatively a high rate of illiteracy. Also, the Chinese leadership is making effective steps to â€Å"isolate† China from the global downturn, plaguing many economies of the world. However, the Indian government is criticized for adopting a lumbering approach to regain its struggling economy. These discrepancies on the Indian side are reflected in the GDP figures of both the countries. As Schu man (2010) states The World Bank figures has shown that India’s gross domestic product (GDP) has increased only by 6.4% in calendar 2009, which is far short of the 8.7% rate China announced in mid-January. Although, the above discussed perspectives about both the countries’ economy may show that Chinese economy is in far better shape than India and that could augur well for Chinese entrepreneurs, it may not be the case. Firstly because, surprisingly in recent times, India is emerging as a vigorously energetic economy, as it seems to be rebounding from the global economic downturn with a stronger force. Doubtless to say, the global slowdown would bring serious problems to India, â€Å"but the country’s mood has changed fundamentally since the government began opening up the economy in 1991: fatalism has been replaced by can-do optimism.† (A Special Report, 2009). This optimism is reflected in the entrepreneurial â€Å"spheres† in India. That is, In spite of the political and social uphill, the country has started to pitch for entrepreneurialism which is hot on the air, at present. It is obvious that the entrepreneurial activities are indeed reshaping the India’s economy to a far better level. â€Å"Tarun Khanna points out that the entrepreneurial spirit is beginning to breathe new life into India’s public sector.† (Watch this Space). One of the main â€Å"catalysts† that is driving entrepreneurship in India than China is the sizable well-educated and confident young population, who want to come up with new businesses. It is evident that the current demographic profile of India would do wonders to the country’s economy. â€Å"India is now blessed with a young and growing workforce. Its dependency ratio - the proportion of children and old people to working-age adults - is one of the best in the world and will remain so for a generation†. (Indian Miracle). Although, China also has a siza ble young population, the advantage with Indian young population particularly their budding entrepreneurs is their proficiency of English language and the resultant confident approach with the Western clients. â€Å"Indian capitalism is driven by millions of entrepreneurs furiously doing ahead with this task, and thriving small businesses with many world-class ones whose English-speaking bosses network confidently with the global elite.†

'Capitalism is a force of progress for business and society'. Discuss Essay

'Capitalism is a force of progress for business and society'. Discuss - Essay Example Progress, on the other hand, can be defined as a gradual shift from one state to another. This paper seeks to discuss capitalism as a force of progress for business and society. Capitalism as a Force of Progress for Business and Society In a capitalistic nation, a business and a society can be seen to relate in that both involve a group of people held by some common beliefs and objectives. The main principle applied in capitalism as an economic system is the principle of open competition. Capitalism treats all parties in an economy equally. As such, completion gets encouraged in the production of goods and delivery of services (Chang 2011, p.133). With capitalism, more choices get given for goods needed in an economy. This gives customers a large pool of products from which to choose their preferred taste. Capitalism makes it possible for these goods to come at the preferred prices of the customers. The same product may be produced at different levels of quality so as to be affordabl e to all classes of people in an economy. Competition has a wide range of benefits to the business sector. One such benefit is that it ensures a continuous production of standard goods as businesses try to compete with each other. In a competitive environment, businesses get to acquire the most competitive human labor available in the market. In order to impress businesses, individuals get required that they keep their skills up to date. Competition in a capitalistic society also entails competing for the available scarce resources (Hurrell 2007, p.348). This competition keeps businesses on their toes in terms of management and production. It is, therefore, necessary for the progress of such a society. In a capitalistic economy, the influence of the government on production gets highly minimized. This allows for all owners of the factors of production to compete fairly in the economy. Lack of government interference further ensures that potential investors get attracted to invest in such an economy. This is because they feel that they will have sole control of their production processes. When companies have less burdensome regulations from the government, they tend to perform better than when there is a lot of regulation from the government (Wade 2009, p.568). Capitalism in most cases works for the social good of the society. Although it may seem at the first instance that in capitalism everyone is greedy for money, an inner look of the matter may reveal otherwise. Every economic activity carried out in a capitalistic economy provides some benefits to another person different from the one producing it. Goods and services offered get produced by owners of the factors of production who later use the same income to pay for the factors of production such as labor and raw materials. These incomes, therefore, get rechanneled back to the economy. Capitalism brings equality in the society. No matter where a person may start in life, everyone has the opportunity to ach ieve what they wish. The basic principle used is that the harder one works the higher the reward one gets. Capitalism treats all individuals in a society equally providing them with equal opportunities to succeed. In a capitalistic society, all individuals get subjected to the same rules that govern the production activities in such a country. Capitalism further provides

The Theory Of The Unitary Executive Essay Example for Free

The Theory Of The Unitary Executive Essay The theory of the ‘unitary executive’ posits that the constitution vests all executive power in the executive. Thus it is a breach of the constitution for other arms of the executive to try and limit the powers of the president in his execution of his duties. Attempts by Congress to limit the ability of the president to prosecute the war on terror should be seen in this light. President Bush established the Department of Home land Security in the aftermath of the 9/11 bombings and most of the executive orders he has made since then have taken advantage of this theory. He has been able to consolidate a lot of power in the executive and is at the risk of becoming a dictator. In the process of establishing security safeguards the, executive has trampled on the rights of the citizens. The executive has appended signing statements to a number of bills that congress has passed that in essence would have limited his authority. An example of this is the bill H. R. 986, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 , which the president signed a statement saying that he will construe the provisions on the law in accordance with the theory of the unitary executive. This in effect circumvents any limitation the bill placed on his administration spending funds on national security. Cheney’s law shows how the vice president was instrumental in helping the executive to amass more powers by using the constitutional tools at his disposal. By invoking the principle of the unitary executive, the president was able to have his way on such blatant violations of the constitution like the torture and detention of prisoners of war on Guantanamo Bay. Wiretapping of people’s phones without a judge’s warrant was allowed on the basis of mere suspicion that one was a member of a terrorist organization. The sweeping powers given to the department of Homeland Security made it possible for any suspect to be picked up, tortured and detained all in the name of maintaining security and winning the war of terror. Cheney and David Addington interpreted the law in their own way so as to fulfill their objectives. They had the audacity to present the view that the president had the authority to ignore international agreements like the Geneva Convention because the constitution of the US allowed him to. This buildup in presidential powers was not without controversy and many people in the Justice Department disagreed with the assertions made by Cheney and his advisors. The illegality of the actions being taken was tantamount to usurping the constitution and overturning international law. Under normal circumstances there should have been an investigation into the president’s conduct but because the administration intimidated people citing the 9/11 terrorist attacks, few people stood up to challenge the blatant misuse of presidential powers. Taking advantage of Ashcroft’s illness, the White House appointed its point man, Gonzales, to the post of attorney general. He quickly overruled any objection his office had concerning the extrajudicial measures that Bush had put into place to fight the war on terror. This action will frustrate the prosecution of individuals who may have committed crimes in the name of unitary executive mandate. I believe that the new administration should repeal a number of the executive orders made by Bush concerning the war on terror and a commission be appointed to look into the excesses committed by fronting presidential powers that do not explicitly exist under the constitution.

Sex, Drugs, Disasters, and the Extinction of Dinosaurs by Stephen Jay G

â€Å"Sex, Drugs, Disasters, and the Extinction of Dinosaurs† is written by Stephen Jay Gould, professor of geology and zoology at Harvard. This essay is one of more than a hundred articles on evolution, zoology, and paleontology published by Gould in national magazines and journals. It tells about scientific proposals for the extinction of dinosaurs – a confusing but an exciting problem that humanity tries to solve. By analyzing and describing each of the claims for the reptiles’ demise – sex, drugs, and disasters – Gould differentiates bad science from good science and explains what makes some theories silly speculations, while the other, a testable hypothesis. Any hypothesis, Gould says, begins with the collection of facts. In this early stage of a theory development bad science leads nowhere, since it contains either little or contradicting evidence. On the other hand, Gould suggests, testable proposals are accepted temporarily, furthermore, new collected facts confirm a hypothesis. That is how good science works. It is self-correcting and self-developing with the flow of time: new information improves a good theory and makes it more precise. Finally, good hypotheses create logical relations to other subjects and contribute to their expansion. The disaster theory, Gould claims, is an example of good science. It has testable evidence and has an impact on studies in other fields of science, it develops further and explains why the extinction of dinosaurs occurred simultaneously with other events. This theory suggests that a large comet hit the Earth sixty five million years ago, causing the cloud of dust to rise into the sky and to block sunlight. As a result, world temperatures went down significantly, the ice age bega... ...r optimum temperatures, hot climate caused the dinosaurs to heat up beyond their optimum. However, the heat didn’t kill them, but sterilized the males, because their testes functioned at certain temperatures. Gould argues that this theory is untestable, and the experiments with the influence of extreme temperatures on modern alligators do not necessarily explain the extinction of dinosaurs. Furthermore, many questions are not answered because of the absence of evidence. Gould states that this theory is another example of bad science. Sex, drugs, and disasters are both popular topics that grab public attention and scientific theories of the extinction of dinosaurs. While sex and drug hypotheses represent silly speculations, the disaster claim is good science: it provides testable evidence, has an impact on other scientific fields, and generates continuous research.

Earning a college Degree Worth it Essay

Colleges across the United of America are filled with students willing to obtain college degrees. Students usually work hard to earn their college degrees beside the high cost of tuition; they are committed to their education and make extreme sacrifices. But is earning college degrees worth the effort? For many, earning college degrees are opportunities for a life changing situations, employment security, and a great sense of self accomplishment. College degrees are the shortest path to life changing situations for individuals who earn them. For example, individuals with college degrees are more likely to find jobs in accordance with their fields of studies. In addition, their jobs are often less physical and more cerebral. In the workplace, they are usually treated with fairness, and their wages increase steadily. Finally, people with college degrees can enjoy the privilege of job flexibility. To illustrate, those who majors in computer or business might work in the comfort of their homes as software developer, business analyst which jobs allow them flexible scheduling with great wages to combine with family plans. For example, they have more time for cruising, enjoying family getaway weekends, and even biking in rural town. In addition to, experiencing life changing situations, individuals with college degrees have greater chances of employment security. To illustrate, during recession they are less likely to be laid off for several reasons. First of all, they are great assets to companies that will do mostly whatever is necessary to keep them. Next, when individuals with college degrees are searching for employment, they usually do not have to wait long to be recruited by companies mostly because they are skillful and talented. Finally, individuals with college degrees in the workplace are less likely to be fired because they are contractual. They are generally hired on a salary basis with full advantages such as, health insurance and 41k. Most people with college degrees enjoy relative peace and security related to their employment. Finally, people who go to college or university to obtain college degrees of any kind ,experience great sense of self –accomplishment that will reflect on themselves. First, they are proud of themselves for what they have accomplished or overcome to be where they are. Secondly, people with college degrees are treated with respect on their job and that respect follow them even in their homes. Their social status might change totally in a way that they couldn’t imagine four to five years before. When management want to give promotion, people with college degrees are the first ones to enjoy those promotions mostly because they are well prepared. Individuals with college degrees have opportunities to invest in real state, buy fancy cars, and even invest in stock market. Individuals with college degrees can see a brighter future for themselves and families. It is obvious that college degrees bring pride, self-esteem, appreciation, and feelings of well-being for individuals who earn them. To conclude, along with many others, life changing situations, employment security, and a great sense of self-accomplishment are the direct consequences of earning a college education. Naturally, some might argue that college degrees do not worth all the sacrifices. It is widely known that education is a mean to empower individuals to become active participants in the transformation of their society. Every one of us has a role to play to better our life and society. People need to be prepared and get themselves a good education which is the key for a successful life. Indeed, college degrees do worth the effort, sacrifices, and the cost.

Network Infrastructure Planning

Course number CIS 408, Network Infrastructure Planning, addresses the issue of network design in both peered-network and client/server environments. The topics emphasized in this course are network topology, routing, IP addressing, name resolution, virtual private networks (VPNs), remote access and telephony. I believe that my training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) fully encompasses the topics included in this course, and I should receive work-life credit for this course. I gained the skills and knowledge included in this course through a number of training courses for exams leading up to my MCSE certification. The main exam in this series for network infrastructure planning was Exam 70-219, Designing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Infrastructure, which I took in 2001. Related article: Advantage Energy Technology Data Center Migration In addition to the associated training, work experience consisting of one or more year’s experience designing network infrastructure in an environment with greater than 200 users, at least 5 physical locations, all typical network services including file and print servers, proxy servers and/or firewalls, messaging servers, desktop clients and remote dial-in or VPN servers, and remote connectivity requirements including remote offices and individual users, as well as connection of corporate intranet services to the Internet. Some facets of the topics covered in this course were also covered in Exam 70-296, Planning, Implementing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment for MCSE Certified on Windows 2000, which I took in 2005 while gaining my Microsoft Certified System Administrator (MCSA) certification. Requirements for this exam included the MCSE certification I had gained previously, as well as experience in network infrastructure planning and user support. Network topology planning was covered in Exam 70-219. This included considerations such as physical layout of the proposed network, LAN topology requirements, physical connectivity requirements and business case analysis for the network proposal. Current hardware availability as well as planned network growth, upgrades and user growth were discussed. Network security, both software-based and physical, was taken into consideration. I learned to both design a network topology from scratch as well as to modify an existing topology for new requirements. Routing requirements using both TCP/IP and DHCP were also covered in these training sessions. Designing TCP/IP subnetting, implementation and optimizing TCP/IP routing strategies, as well as integrating existing systems with newly designed systems were discussed and practiced. Name resolution using such protocols as DNS and WINS were covered in detail. I learned to create a number of different DNS designs, including a basic design, a highly-available design, security-enhanced designs. I also learned how to optimize DNS designs, performance measurement for DNS and how to efficiently deploy a new DNS system. WINS was also discussed; design strategies, optimization and performance measurement, and deployment were covered exhaustively. Multi-protocol strategies for maximum interconnectivity and flexibility were also discussed. Design of remote access, telephony and external access strategies, including WAN (wide-area network) and VPN strategies as well as Internet connectivity, were a further topic of these training sessions and the subsequent exam. WAN design was covered from the standpoint of both dial-in and VPN access.   Dial-in remote access security was emphasized, with design considerations including Routing and Remote Access protocols and authentication with RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service). VPN (virtual private network) access was discussed, with Routing and Remote Access being emphasized as well as a demand-dial strategy. The training also encompassed telephony system design considerations, including traditional telephony switchboard-based services as well as Voice over IP (VoIP) services. Connectivity to external Internet was also a focus of the training; design considerations included inbound connection control, firewalling and proxy servers and other security requirements unique to the corporation. My training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer has thoroughly prepared me in the subject matter offered in this course. Formal training as well as six years experience in network infrastructure planning, including such designs as network topology, protocol configuration and monitoring, integration of telephony, remote access and outside connectivity services as well as attention to business requirements, has given me a depth of knowledge and experience in network infrastructure planning equal to or greater than the knowledge I would gain from CIS 408. I feel I am very well qualified to receive work-life credit for this course.         

Free Essays on Cheaper By The Dozen

Cheaper By The Dozen â€Å" Cheaper by the Dozen†, based on a real-life story of the Gilbreth family, is a fantastic book. This hilarious comedy about a family with a dozen children kept me in stitches until the end! This family, run like a well oiled machine, took me on Sunday rides through the country, battles in the family court, summers at the sea, Father’s theories on motion study, and the economic removal of the whole families tonsils. I loved it! I find it truly amazing. Not only did the family boast twelve children, but they all learned to speak foreign languages, touch typing, mental arithmetic, and even Morse Code- all because their father worked out dozens of ingenious ways to motivate them- although often it was quite reluctantly on their part. I had many laugh out loud moments, and at times would have enjoyed being a part of this large and loving family, or perhaps raising one of my own in the same manner†¦imagine that! It probably could never happen. I can’t imagine living with twelve brothers and sisters and getting along! Actually, I would not call it getting along; I would call it survival, by jimgo! The Gilbreth family of twelve red-haired, freckle-faced children parented by efficiency experts and pioneers in the field of motion study, Lillian and Frank, were a bit eccentric and extremely funny. I can still remember one of the lines a child blurted out at the dinner table â€Å"Please, we are NOT in the mood for an organ recital.† This was the standard reprimand for belching in the family and never intended for public airing. I also enjoyed the part when one of the children said to a dinner guest, â€Å"Is this of general interest?† Although these twelve children were highly disciplined by their father, (mother, for the most part, would just agree with father) in a couple instances they were able to catch father off guard, like when the children would continually ask him ... Free Essays on Cheaper By The Dozen Free Essays on Cheaper By The Dozen Cheaper By The Dozen â€Å" Cheaper by the Dozen†, based on a real-life story of the Gilbreth family, is a fantastic book. This hilarious comedy about a family with a dozen children kept me in stitches until the end! This family, run like a well oiled machine, took me on Sunday rides through the country, battles in the family court, summers at the sea, Father’s theories on motion study, and the economic removal of the whole families tonsils. I loved it! I find it truly amazing. Not only did the family boast twelve children, but they all learned to speak foreign languages, touch typing, mental arithmetic, and even Morse Code- all because their father worked out dozens of ingenious ways to motivate them- although often it was quite reluctantly on their part. I had many laugh out loud moments, and at times would have enjoyed being a part of this large and loving family, or perhaps raising one of my own in the same manner†¦imagine that! It probably could never happen. I can’t imagine living with twelve brothers and sisters and getting along! Actually, I would not call it getting along; I would call it survival, by jimgo! The Gilbreth family of twelve red-haired, freckle-faced children parented by efficiency experts and pioneers in the field of motion study, Lillian and Frank, were a bit eccentric and extremely funny. I can still remember one of the lines a child blurted out at the dinner table â€Å"Please, we are NOT in the mood for an organ recital.† This was the standard reprimand for belching in the family and never intended for public airing. I also enjoyed the part when one of the children said to a dinner guest, â€Å"Is this of general interest?† Although these twelve children were highly disciplined by their father, (mother, for the most part, would just agree with father) in a couple instances they were able to catch father off guard, like when the children would continually ask him ...

Free Essays on Glacial Erosion

Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e... Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e...

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Financial Management - Essay Example Dividend relevance The relevance of dividends in the price movement of the shares will be very high in case there is a shift in the fundamental factors governing dividend policy. ‘Agency theory posits that dividend mechanism provides an incentive for managers to reduce the costs associated with the principal/agent relationship. Distributing resources in the form of cash dividends forces managers to seek outside capital, thus causing them to reduce agency costs as they subject themselves to the scrutiny of the capital marketplace’ (Moh’d et al., 2005, p.367) The fundamental factors in this regard are profitability of the companies, the investment opportunities available to the companies for plough back of profits for the growth and management policy. Therefore, any change in the continued practice or policy is reviewed critically by the investors. In could affect the value of the shares in the following ways. 1. The existing investors sell the stocks if the change in policy impacts future dividends and is inconsistent with their investment objectives. 2. The change in policy could attract new investors if it is consistent with their investment objectives. 3. The demand and supply of stocks due to change in dividend policy will influence the market prices. ... The process of price discovery in the market is greatly vitiated in general by the interplay of these factors. Though these factors do cause price movements, the impact is very unpredictable. This leads to speculation with regard to the motives of the management of a company relating to dividend decisions. The investor community would generally be affected by these dividend decisions due to lack of access to market information or inability to interpret the information and its impact on the stock prices. There would be violent fluctuations of the stock prices in the short run which are caused not due to information content in respect of dividends, but other considerations or perceptions. The fundamental factors influencing dividend policy Profitability of company, its growth over years, the opportunities available to company for investment within company and management policy are the important factors governing dividend policies of the companies. Earnings growth The consistency and gr owth in payment of dividends by a company over years are discounted in the stock prices under efficient market conditions. The companies with good track record in this respect command high price/earnings multiple in valuation of their companies’ stocks. Dividend policy is, therefore, relevant to the premium in price/earnings multiple attached to the stocks. But, the recurring dividend announcements in line with the expectation of the market are not the determinants of the value of the stocks. However, when the earnings beat the expectation of the market and company increases dividends substantially or the payout ratio is increased significantly, the investors expect that the increase in dividends will be maintained in the

Summarizing 9 articles about oil in Venezuela (separately) Research Paper

Summarizing 9 articles about oil in Venezuela (separately) - Research Paper Example The makes the U.S. vulnerable to crises that will strike these countries. For example, the U.S. relied heavily on Venezuela for around 15% of their oil supply. This, combined with Venezuela’s proximity to the U.S., made Venezuela appears to be a â€Å"stalwart production hub† (p.3). Venezuela, however, posed to be a problem when it proved to be not as reliable in oil supply as the U.S. expected them to be. The U.S. was not the only one to fail in anticipating the Venezuelan crisis. There should be reforms in oil management strategies in order to minimize the impact of oil crisis. DiJohn, J. (2009). From windfall to curse?: Oil and industrialization in Venezuela, 1920 to the present. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press. This book is a very useful resource in terms of understanding the puzzles within the economics and politics of Venezuela in the past century. Venezuela experienced a rise in economy due to the influx of oil revenues from 1920s to 1965 . The years that follow had been witnesses to the country’s economic downfall. From then, Venezuela has never really been able to rise again. The common idea for Venezuela’s economic rise is oil; yet similarly, it is also the most common thing to be blamed when talking about the nation’s collapse. Yet, as the author states, the â€Å"†¦reigning explanations for economic slowdown in Venezuela†¦have proved inadequate† (p.168). The book provides several hard-to-find data that will make rethink the reasons for Venezuela’s economic collapse. This book is a gold mine of information that goes along with the ideas presented in the other articles studied for this topic. It discusses the validity of the resource curse, the importance of the nature of Venezuela’s political framework, and even the issues on importation and exportation. Giusti, L. E. (1999). La apertura: The opening of Venezuela’s oil industry. Journal of International A ffairs, 53(1), 117-128. Transactions regarding oil have tremendously changed over the past decades. Oil business had been controlled by limited suppliers before, but has lately become â€Å"an active market with floating prices and many participants† (p.128). Venezuela has long been a key player in the oil industry, however, the recent changes in the market and the global modernization requires one to look closely on what can be done in response to this changing law of supply and demand. The author emphasizes that changes should be done in terms of oil management framework because the old system is fast becoming obsolete. Many key players in the oil industry, including Venezuela, are still supporting and are under the old OPEC management system, and continuing under this old system could be detrimental to the expansion and growth plans of oil suppliers. Hall, M. R. (2012). TINKER SALAS, MIGUEL. The Enduring Legacy: Oil, Culture. and Society in Venezuela. Journal of Third Worl d Studies, 29( 2), 280-281. The discussion of the more recent events regarding the social and cultural consequences of the Venezuelan oil industry is a good addition to the various information available regarding the history of Venezuela’s economic rise due to the influx of oil revenue particularly beginning 1920. The author mentions that the oil camps are â€Å"social laboratories†