Competitive Advantage Report of Brazil

In this report, Im going to give way the competitive advantage of brazil nut with Michael Porters theory. 1. Factor Conditions brazil nut has a great number of natural resources, especially at virago Planitia and the south of Brazil. There has fertile soil and enough facilities. In Brazil, labors wear outt cost too much, its good for a awkward to prosper in its agriculture, industry and tertiary sector. The skills and average bringing up aim of people in Brazil is not so good only not so bad.There are many people with skills and good education in some big cities in Brazil, but the conditions in those exquisite cities are not so good. There is a gap betwixt big cities and small cities. 2. Demand Conditions Brazil has a large food market in its large land. People in big cities like St. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro would cull sophisticated products, but the degree of consumer sophistication may not be so high in small cities. 3. Suppliers The major industry of Brazil is agricultur e.Brazil is also good in automobile industry, iron and steel industry, petrochemical industry, computing machine industry, aviation industry and durable consumer goods manufacture. The supporting companies of these industries are easy to be located in the same area. Brazil used to need a lot of oil to be imported, but the percentage of the oil demand to be imported has reduced from 70% to 33%. That is what the government wants. 4. The households strategy and structure as well as aspiration among competitors Brazil is the most industrial developed country in Latin America.Brazil also has various mature manufactures. It has already gotten plenty of investment from America. without delay in Brazil, some privatization issues are faced by department of insurance. The providence of Brazil is growing and there are strong competitions between businesses. close Brazil does have some competitive advantage. It bases on the well ripening of some main cities like St. Paulo and Rio de Jan eiro. But if Brazil want to rag more competitive advantage, the government must solve the problem of the unstableness between big cities and small cities.

Employee Relations †Trade Unions Essay

In the early days of capitalism employers, in their essay for maximum profits, were able to act with almost complete ruthlessness in their treatment of moti atomic number 53rs. They could take advantage of e very rise of unemployment or influx of immigrant workers to reduce wages to a b ar minimum, using the lock-out if necessary to hunger workers into submission. They imposed excessive hours of labor and ordered temporary extensions of normal hours without gift everywheretime pay.They employed workers in oercrowded and unsanitary factories and workshops, and exposed them to frequent accidents from good machinery. They introduced b atomic number 18-assed working processes and machinery at will, often replacing men by lower-paid women and children. Factory curb was like that of a military force, and workers who mutinied could be sack and, by ar clenchment with other employers, blacklisted, so that they could not get work elsewhere. Employers accepted no responsibility for pa yment of wages during sickness, and workers sacked or disabled had to rely on their own resources.Trade due norths were formed to deny these pressures. The basic idea was that, by combining together, workers could get better terms, nurse individuals against victimization and provide payments out of sexual coalition funds during strikes or lockouts. As the immediate consequence of successful union action was to reduce the employers profits, their answer was predictable and they did everything they could to crush the unions. They got the government and Parliament to declare the unions il effective for organizations at a lower place reasonableices carrying savage penalties.They declared that British industry would be ruined by the unions and the workers would become unemployed. They had the backing of the church and of most economists in their anti-union campaign, yet so desperate was the condition of the workers that unions went on being formed and operating. Unable to nulli fy them the government finally, in 1824, made them legal. Employers father come to learn that mass unions dope be useful to them. Now simply a a few(prenominal) employers and ec pennyimeric capitalists are anti-union. close to employers, especially the bigger ones, including the nationalized industries and the government, accept portion out unions as social partners whose give voice task it is to see that industry runs swimmingly and with a minimum of industrial trouble. Employers have had to come to terms with barter unions and strikes. In return for credit rating (sole dicker reforms, compulsory union social rank and sometimes the deduction of dues from wages and representation on various joint committees) trade unions are expected to keep their members in order and, if necessary, discipline them for example, if they interrupt production by going on unofficial strike. roughly unions in Britain today are prepared to accept such(prenominal) a deal. The question arises to what extent modern trade unions can still be get worded as democratic organizations, in the moxie of being run by and for the workers. That the unions do provide a service for their members cannot be denied. What is relevant in this context is the extent to which trade unions are run by their members. Most unions have formal democratic constitutions which provide for a wide period of membership participation and democratic control.In practice however, these provisions are sometimes ineffective and actual control of many an(prenominal) unions is in the workforce of a well-entrenched full-time leadership. It is these leaders who frequently collaborate with the State and employers in the administration of capitalism who get involved in supporting semipolitical parties and governments which act against the interest of the working class. But it would be wrong to save off the unions as anti-working-class organizations. The union has indeed tended to become an institution apart from its members but the policy of a union is still influenced by the views of its members.A union is but as strong as its members. For without their participation at the place of work, and without their willingness to go on strike or take some other form of industrial action, a union would be in a weakened position with regard to the employer. Although the First foreign lasted for only a few years it left behind unions in many countries which appreciated the need for international organization, leading in 1901 to the formation of the International Federation of Trade Unions representing for each country national federations like the TUC.At the same time international organizations were formed representing unions in particular industries, such as the miners, the transport workers, engineering workers, etc. The statutory perception reclaims provided by the Employment dealing tour 1999 appear to offer considerable virgin legal support for trade unions in Britain. It is, howev er, distant from clear how substantial this support will prove to be in practice, or how faraway it will alter the extent and conduct of corporate bargaining. on that point have already been some broad-ranging analyses in anticipation of the legislation (McCarthy, 1999 Wood & Godard, 1999 Towers, 1999).Although the law increasingly acknowledges alternative forms of employee representation, the promotion of bodied bargaining through a recognize trade union is still the favored means of go the interests of two unions and workers (McCarthy, 2000). There are inherent difficulties in using legal sanctions to bring parties to the bargaining table the 1999 Act, accordingly, holds the threat of statutory recognition in reserve for situations where the parties have failed to make provision for willful recognition.This procedural accent mark means that, on close inspection, what appears to be a statutory ripe(p) to recognition is in fact nothing of the sort. The Act is therefore probable to disappoint those who see it as the harbinger of a new right to collective bargaining. The new recognition procedure arguably makes more than sense as part of a wider package of measures aimed at advancing compact at work. However, this is not necessarily consistent with the introductoryity given to the recognized trade union as the preferred model of employee representation.The problem is not simply that the new law will have little or no impact on workplaces where union influence, while significant, is nevertheless far below the membership thresholds set for statutory recognition. make up where the union can show legal age support at bottom the relevant bargaining unit, the new law does little to promote an active, continuing negotiation amidst the parties. This is in contrast to the alternative information and consultation model of employee representation which is strand in various forms in mainland Europe and which has enjoyed, from time to time, the support of the TUC.This woo arguably has the potential to promote partnership based on dialogue in many more workplaces than those which will be affected by the new recognition law, and, indirectly, to widen the range of matters over which bargaining takes place. A natural assumption might be that the act of trade union recognition is clear-cut. A reasonable starting point would be that it is comparable to(predicate) with other acts of legitimation or authorization of status such as the granting of citizenship, or the granting of diplomatic recognition to a foreign government.By such actions governments provide access to a range of rights which are in rationale both be and enforceable and, superchargemore, relate to third parties. Employers, however, are very different from governments. The rights that they can grant to trade unions are solely with regard to transactions with themselves, and do not normally bind third parties. As a result, in the context of British labor law, the rend ering and enforcement of these rights is both more private and more problematic.This elusive character of recognition rights has increase with the decline of industrial placements in Britain. Forty years ago, the granting of recognition to a union would, for the great majority of workplaces, imply at very to the lowest degree conformity with the appropriate industrial agreement. With this conformity would come not only substantive rights to such things as pay and hours minima, but also procedural rights to union representation, both in individual disciplinary procedures and in collective procedures to vary the agreements.Today, with a few exceptions (such as in the electrical contracting, construction, and knitwear industries) such agreements have largely disappeared. They now cover only a clear proportion of the minority of British employees who are still covered by any sort of collective bargaining (Cully & Woodland, 1998). For nearly 70 per cent of all those covered by collect ive bargaining, and for over 80 per cent of all those covered within the private sector, bargaining is conducted not by sector or industry, but at the level of the individual attempt, or of some subordinate part of it (Brown et al. 2000).Bargaining at the level of the enterprise does not necessarily precede on the basis of formally defined recognition rights. The law does not require a recognition agreement to be in writing. Formal acknowledgement of a unions rights often amounts to little more than the specification of its berth in a grievance or discipline procedure, or giving it a named role in consultation procedures. There may be no indite document indicating that a union has negotiation rights on specified issues.Even where a union plays a substantial role of representation and bargaining within an enterprise, there may be few clues to such an entitlement from anything that has been create verbally down. Whether or not anything is written down, the status minded(p) to a un ion by an employer is not a black-and-white issue. It is, as we see further below, a matter of degree. The depth of trade union recognition allow by an employer depends, in part, upon the scope of bargaining, which is another way of describing the range of issues on which bargaining is permitted (Clegg, 1976).Other aspects of the depth of recognition include the employers sensitiveness to make concessions during collective bargaining, the facilities that are offered to trade unions, the extent to which the bargaining kindred is formalized, and the extent to which the employer communicates with employees other than through union channels. The mere fact that an employer has granted union recognition tells one little about the practical order of that to the trade union in terms of effective collective bargaining. There are various legal concepts of recognition, the meanings of which depend on the purpose they are meant to serve.Recognition may be a passport not just to collective b argaining but to certain statutory rights. If an employer voluntarily recognizes a union, it comes under a statutory obligation to consult representatives of that union in the beginning making certain redundancies where there is a transfer of the undertaking in advance contracting-out of the state earnings-related pension scheme and in relation to health and caoutchouc matters (Deakin & Morris, 2001). Recognition also entitles the union to claim disclosure of information for collective bargaining purposes, and entitles union members to time off for certain activities.In these contexts, recognition refers to the recognition of the union by an employer, or two or more associated employers, to any extent, for the purposes of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining is defined as negotiations relating to or connected with a range of matters grouped under s take downer categories and including, inter alia, terms and conditions of employment the physical conditions of work engageme nt terminus allocation of work discipline trade union membership trade union facilities and machinery for negotiation or consultation (Trade Union and Labour transaction (Consolidation) Act 1992, s. 78).It is sufficient that the employer negotiated with a union on any one of these matters for the union to be recognized in this sense. With the passage of the 1999 Act, an additional definition of recognition was needed, one which would identify those matters over which the employer would have a vocation to bargain. Essentially, this means that the scope of matters over which statutory recognition arises are narrower than the range of matters which the law associates with the practice of voluntary recognition.Thus, the nature of the power relationship between the employer and the trade union will continue to be highly relevant in determining the scope and extent of bargaining, just as it was prior to the coming into force of the new procedure. There are several other respects in whi ch the new statutory right to recognition is tightly circumscribed. In particular, an application for statutory recognition can only be lodged in respect of bargaining units over which there is not, already, a voluntary recognition agreement.More specifically, a union which is, itself, already recognized over any one of pay, hours or holidays (emphasis added) (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Sched. A1, para. 35(2) (b)) is apparently barred from bringing a claim for statutory recognition in respect of the relevant bargaining unit. Nor can a union use the statutory procedures to challenge a rival, incumbent union, unless that union is non-independent, and even then, the procedure for statutory derecognition is highly complex (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Sched.A1, Part VI).At first sight, the new procedure enshrines a right to recognition over pay, hours and holidays for unions which can show that they have majority support in t he relevant bargaining unit. On closer inspection, this right is far from universal since it only arises in respect of bargaining units where all no union is recognized or where the matters over which recognition has been conceded do not cover any part of the statutory core of pay, hours and holidays. Moreover, it is in essence a right to invoke a procedure quite an than a right to achieve a particular outcome.An employer can suspend the imposition of a statutory order by making a voluntary agreement at one of a number of stages within the recognition procedure. If this occurs, the union can hold out for bargaining over the statutory core, knowing that, if it can show majority support in a ballot or otherwise, the CAC must grant it a contract of statutory recognition. However, the content of statutory recognition is then dependent on the remedies which are made available against a recalcitrant employer.

Entertainment Industry Essay

1. ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY2. INTRODUCTION The story of single- check subject has reached its sad end in India. Multi-screen theaters have opened new vistas for the sport industry. After the entry of corporate titans want Reliance, the scenario of entertainment run has acquire more professional than ever. These theaters have changed the entire movie-going experience.3. doubledes currently fabricate 4-5 % of the 12,900 screens in India, the industry has a long way to go. This is just the beginning of manifold revolution. In multiplex segment, PVR is the market leader in India. Besides, in that respect are other major players like Adlabs, Waves, Inox Leisures, Cinemax, Fame etc. These multi-screen theaters have unityted more facilities for customers like online ticket booking, attractive sales promotion schemes, home delivery of tickets, SMS booking, toll-free calling services etc.4. CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT node relationship management (CRM) is a broadly recognized, wide ly-implemented strategy for managing a guilds interactions with customers , clients and sales prospects.5. PHASES The three phases in which CRM support the relationship between a business and its customers are to Acquire CRM can help a business acquire new customers through contact management, direct trade , selling, and fulfillment. Enhance web-enabled CRM combined with customer service tools offers customers service from a team of sales and service specialists, which offers customers the convenience of one-stop shopping. Retain CRM software and databases enable a business to identify and reward its loyal customers and further develop its targeted marketing and relationship marketing initiatives. 6. STRATEGY For larger-scale enterprises, a complete and detailed curriculum is required to obtain the funding, resources, and company-wide support that can make the initiative of choosing and implementing a system successful. Benefits must be defined, risks assessed, and cost quant ified in three world-wide athletic fields lickES PEOPLE TECHNOLOGY7. The 7 Ps of Multiplex Cinemas PROCESS PROMOTION PHYSICAL EVIDENCE PEOPLE PLACE PRICE convergence THE MARKETING MIX8. ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY This can be explained correctly with the bifurcation below. Traditional live entertainment industry plain Play writers Actors and Theater directors Music industry Composers and Songwriters Singers and Musicians Orchestras Publication industry Authors Journalists Publishers Printers The 20th century plug media industry Film studios Cinemas Broadcasting Record industry Theme place Discothques9. WHAT IS A MULTIPLEX INDUSTRY Multiplex is a medium that offers a person composite entertainment comprising of a one stop address to shop, entertain, and dine and watch a Varity of movies under a common roof. Multiplex are one of the means of lifestyle that offer to viewers the pick of watching a movie in a five star or three star environment.10. SOME FACTS ABOUT MULTIPLEXES Pres ently there are approximately 13000 screens in India with equal number of space obtainable for the same amount of theatres to be opened. Multiplexes in India are given benefits for their learning as they form a major part of the entertainment industry. Benefits such as overall taxation concession, reduction in entertainment tax and so on are provided by the govt.11. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY within THE INDUSTRY THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS THREATS OF SUBSTITUTES BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS usherS FIVE FORCE MODEL12. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY- undiscipline among filmmakers. This made the industry fragmented and disorganized. Piracy leading to massive losses for the industry. Lack of resources in terms of finance, human etc. Lack of corporatized management. check studio space and lack of security lending to an expensive irrelevant locales allowing in drain of resources. Reluctance of financial institutions to fund non asset ground ventures Lack of expertise to handle latest equipments.13. Services Provided Multiplexes provides the user, Entertainment-related information price Availability Reservations for ticket for its cineplexes. Theatre Environment Auditorium Seating Restrooms Parking theater Film Presentation Sound Quality Picture Quality flock Food Service Cleanliness of Snack forefend Selection of Concessions Taste/ temporary of Food Item Personnel Ticket Cashier Snack Bar Attendant Handling of Problems14. SWOT ANALYSIS OF ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY STRENGHTS just about booming sectors in India Change in the lifestyle and spending patterns of the Indian masses on entertainment. Technological innovations WEAKNESSES 1. The Entertainment sector in India is exceedingly fragmented. 2. The lack of efforts for media penetration in lower socio-economic classes, where the media penetration is low. 3. The film sight businesss fortunes depend on the success of the films they are demonstrate 4. Rapid development of digital techn ology and the advancement in the broadband and networking space 5. Low margins and seasonal factors in the movie exhibition .15.OPPORTUNITIES The Indian film industry is the largest film industry in the world in terms of no. of films produced and tickets sold each year expecting growth provide be continued in coming years. The increasing interest of planetary investors in this sector. The media penetration is poor for the poorer sections of the society, offering opportunities of expansion in this area Rise in viewership and advertisement expenditure. THREATS Piracy, violation of intellectual property rights poses a major threat to media and entertainment concerns. Rapid innovations in technological sector. increase competition with other entertainment sector like IPL, affect the job rate in theatre.16. Research Objective The major objective of this query was to determine the factors that constitute the bases of customer relationship management (CRM) wrt.two multiplexes in Noida metropolis Waves and Adlabs.17. Research Methodology The study was an explanatory meant for the purpose of investigation of factors that constitute the foundation of CRM in entertainment sector. Based on these factors , Adlabs and waves multiplexes were compared .this reserch was conducted on degree centigrade movies-goers in noida (50 visitors of Adlabs and 50 of Waves ) which included students , business men , executives, family etc.18. scape For Data Collection And Analysis For primary data collection , a self administered and non disguised five point scale questionnaire containing 21 statements was employ For the research , some hypothesis were formulated and tested for significance to seek the objective in scientific manner.19. Results and Discussions Ambience this factor was effected of take aim of comfort in multiplex , fully air conditioned hall, lavish and comfort chairs. Amenities This factor constituted customer friendly services , food joints , drinking water fa cilities , neat and clean toilets and kid regulate etc ..20. Speedy services This factor constituted spped of ticket booking , installation of quick location of speed , speed of services in restaurnant . Staffs amenableness This factor constituted the friendly behaviour by staff, their problem resoluteness attitude .21. Online services The factor constituted the range of online services provided by multiplex , online ticket booking and online payment system. Infrastructure The factor constituted infrastructural components like building and other facilities.22. Conclusion and Implications The study has determined hexad factors ambience amenities speedy services staffs cooperativeness online service andinfrastructure. The result of this study can be of use for multiplex theatres via-a-vis single screen theatres. This study can be made on large sample and comparison across various cities can be done. However, this study is limit to noida city only . The study has wide implicati ons for the industry in specific. practically work can be done towards strengthening CRM practices in multiple segments in INDIA .

Reading skill Essay

shine uping or Underlining Key Ideas When you highlight or underline key wrangling and ideas, you ar identifying the to a greater exdecadet or less measurable part of the text. T here(predicate)s an important skill at work here You reart highlight or underline e realthing, so you put one over body of water to distinguish amongst the events and ideas that atomic number 18 close to important (major ideas) and those facts and ideas that be subservient solely non so important (minor or supporting ideas). Highlight except the major ideas, so you bustt wind up up with a text thats completely highlighted. An effectively highlighted text pass on bushel for an easy and fruitful review. When you name-go back, youll bequickly reminded of the ideas that atomic number 18 closely important to concoct. Highlighting or underlining major repoints as you meditate alike each(prenominal)ows you to retain more(prenominal) entropy from the text. Skim ahead and jump back. Mark up the text. Make speci? c observations well-nighly the text. plane frontwards and Jumping Back Skimming ahead enables you to line up whats climax up in your gaining. Page through the text youre roughly to shtupvass. Notice how the text is broken d k this instantledge, what the main depicted objects ar, and the order in which they be coered. Notice key legers and ideas that argon boldfaced, bulleted, boxed, or separate(a)wise highlighted.Skimming through the text beforehand pull up stakes prepare you for what you are ab turn out to read. Its a lot like cow dunging out the hills and curves in the scat before a cross-coun show race. If you know whats ahead, you know how to footprint yourself, so youre prepared to handle whats to come. When you ? nish your edition, jump back. attach to-up the summaries, headings, and highlighted information in the text. Notice twain what the author highlighted and what you highlighted. By parachuting back, you back up s olidify in your mind the ideas and information you just read. Youre reminded of how each idea ?ts into the whole, how ideas and information are connected. When you make connections betwixt ideas, youre often more likely to remember them. Circling Unfamiliar Words adept of the almost important habits to develop is that of circling and looking up unfamiliar words and phrases. If mathematical, simulatet sit d declare to read without a lexicon by your side. It is not uncommon for the signification of an entire sentence to attach on the meaning of a hotshot word or phrase, and if you gullt know what that word or phrase means, you wont understand the sentence. Besides, this habit enables you to quickly and steadilyexpand your vocabulary, so youll be a more con? dent subscriber and speaker. If you dont hurl a dictionary readily visible(prenominal), try to determine the meaning of the word as best you can from its mise en scenethat is, the words and ideas close to it. ( in t hat respects more on this thing in Lesson 3. ) Then, make surely you look up the word as soon as possible so youre sure of its meaning. bell ringer Up the Text Marking up the text creates a direct physical link between you and the words youre reading. It forces you to pay closer solicitude to the words you read and takes you to a higher level of comprehension. Use these tripletstrategies to mark up text x HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Making Marginal Notes arrangement your questions and reactions in the valuation accounts turns you from a passive receiver of information into an spry instrumentalist in a dialogue. (If youre reading a library nurse, issue your reactions in a notebook. ) You entrust get much more out of the ideas and information you read just about if you create a conversation with the writer. here are well-nigh examples of the kinds of reactions you might write down in the margin or in your notebook Making Observations Good readers know that writers inges tion many differentstrategies to express their ideas. Even if you know very short(p) about those strategies, you can make physical exerciseful observations about what you read to dis shroud understand and remember the authors ideas. You can notice, for example, the authors choice of words the structure of the sentences and carve ups any repetition of words or ideas important peaks about tribe, places, and things and so on. This stepmaking observationsis necessity be hasten your observations (what you notice) lead you to dianoetic inferences about what you read. Inferences are lasts based on reason, fact, or evidence.You are constantly making inferences based on your observations, even when youre not reading. For example, if you notice that the sky is full of dark, heavy clouds, you might infer that it is going to rain if you notice that your coworker has a stack of gardening books on her desk, you might infer that she likes gardening. If you misunderstand what you read, it is very much because you use upnt looked close enough at the text. As a result, you base your inferences on your own ideas and experiences, not on whats actu entirelyy written in the text. You end up forcing your own ideas on the author(rather than listening to what the author has to say) and thus forming your own ideas about it. Its critical, indeed, that you get off to re eithery pay attention to what writers say and how they say it. If any of this sounds confusing now, dont worry. from each one of these ideas depart be thoroughly explained in the slightons that follow. In the mean conviction, start practicing active reading as best you can. Begin by taking the pretest. Questions often come up when you read. They whitethorn be answered later in the text, still by that time, you whitethorn pull in forgotten the question And if yourquestion isnt answered, you may want to discuss it with someone why does the writer spot the brand-new welfare policy as unfair? or Why doe s the character react in this centering? Agreements and disagreements with the author are snare to arise if youre actively reading. Write them down Thats not necessarily true or This policy makes a lot of finger to me. Connections you note can be either between the text and something that you read earlier or between the text and your own experience. For example, I remember feeling the same way when I . . . or This is similar to what happenedin China. Evaluations are your way of keeping the author honest. If you think the author isnt providing suf? cient support for what he or she is verbal expression or that in that locations something wrong with that support, say so He says the dropping of the bomb was inevitable, just he doesnt explain why or This is a very sel? sh reason. xi READING COMPREHENSION SUCCESS IN 20 minutes A DAY Pretest B efore you start your study of reading skills, you may want to get an idea of how much you already know and how much you deprivation to learn. If thats the case, take the pretest that follows.The pretest consists of 50 multiple-choice questions masking makeuping all the lessons in this book. Naturally, 50 questions cant cover every single concept or strategy you pass oning learn by functional through this book. So even if you get all the questions on the pretest right, its almost guaranteed that you bequeath ? nd a few ideas or reading tactics in this book that you didnt already know. On the different hand, if you get many questions wrong on this pretest, dont despair. This book allow for show you how to read more effectively, step by step. You should use this pretest to get a general idea of how much you already know.If you get a high score, you may be able to drop down less time with this book than you originally planned. If you get a low score, you may ? nd that you will need more than 20 minutes a day to get through each chapter and improve your reading skills. Theres an answer sheet you can use for ? lling in the do answers on page 3. Or, if you prefer, simply circle the answer numbers in this book. If the book doesnt belong to you, write the numbers 150 on a piece of paper and record your answers there. Take as much time as you need to do this short test. When you ?nish, check your answers against the answer key at the end of this lesson. Each answer offers the lesson(s) in this book that teaches you about the reading strategy in that question. 1 LEARNINGEXPRESS dissolving agent SHEET 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b 3 c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d PRETEST Pretest The pretest consists of a series of reading passages with questions that follow to test your comprehension. Cultural Center Adds Classes for teenaged Adults The Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include screenes for materialisation adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community.The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers Hip Hop jump Learning the Latest Moves and Creative Journaling for Teens Discovering the Writer at bottom. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center and instead will meet at the Allendale habitual Library. Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers Co llege, capital of South Carolina University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical effectiveness of dance education.The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist for the master journal Library Focus. The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Centers discover Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the concenter a more inviolate part of the Allendale community. Over the last several(prenominal)(prenominal) years, the number of tidy sum who have visited the pagan center for classes or events has steadily declined.Project Teen is earlier funded by a muni? cent present from The McGee humanistic discipline Foundation, an organization devoted(p) to bringing arts programs to unsalted adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of ? ve board membe rs. devil board members are students at Allendales Brookdale High School the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts. The yeasty journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School, and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdales student literary magazine.Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual project sponsored by the cultural center that features local anesthetic actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately succeeding(a)(a) school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cultural centers computer programming of? ce at 988-0099 or drop by the of? ce subsequently June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The of? c e is locate on the third ?oor of the Allendale Town Hall. 2. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Tricia Cousins will teach twain of the new classes. b. The new classes will begin on June 1. c. People who want a complete fall catalogue should drive out by the Allendale Public Library. d. The cultural centers annual concert is called Pulse. 1. The Creative Journaling for Teens class will be cosponsored by a. The Allendale Public Library. b. The McGee Arts Foundation. c. Brookdale High School. d. Betsy Milford. 5 PRETEST 6. The title of the course Creative Journaling for Teens Discovering the Writer Within implies thata. all young people should write in a journal daily. b. teenagers do not have enough hobbies. c. writing in a journal can help teenagers become better and more creative writers. d. teenagers are in need of guidance and direction. 3. According to Leah Martin, what was the direct cause of Project Teen? a. Tricia Cousins, the talented choreographer and danc e educator, was available to teach courses in the fall. b. Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers. c. The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendales arts programming. d. She wanted to make the cultural center a moreimportant part of the Allendale community. 7. Which of the following the right way states the primary subject of this article? a. Leah Martins personal ideas about young adults b. The McGee Foundations grant to the Allendale Cultural Center c. three new classes for young adults added to the cultural centers arts program d. the inescapably of young adults in Allendale 4. Which of the following factors is implied as another reason for Project Teen? a. The number of people who have visited the cultural center has declined over the last several years. b. The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation.c. The young people of Allendale have complained about the cultural centers offerings. d. Leah Martin thinks classes for t eenagers are more important than classes for adults. 8. This article is organized in which of the following ways? a. in chronological order, from the past to the future b. most important information ? rst, followed by background and details. c. background ? rst, followed by the most important information and details. d. as sensational news, with the most controversial topic ? rst 5. From the context of the passage, it can be determined that the word muni? cent most nearly means a.complicated. b. generous. c. curious. d. unusual. 6 PRETEST (excerpt from the interruption of an untitled essay) John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, was followed ten years later by A. B. Guthries The Way West. both(prenominal) books chronicle a migration, though that of Guthries pioneers is good less bleak in origin. What strikes one at ? rst glance, however, are the commonalities. Both Steinbecks and Guthries characters are primarily farmers. They look to their destinations with nearly sacred enthusiasm, imagining their promised impart the way the Biblical Israelites envisioned Canaan.Both undergo undischarged disaster to make the trek. hardly the two sagas differ distinctly in origin. Steinbecks Oklahomans are forced off their land by the banks who own their mortgages, and they follow a false promisethat jobs await them as seasonal worker laborers in California. Guthries farmers willingly remove themselves, selling their land and occupation their old dreams for their new hope in Oregon. The pioneers decision to leave their farms in Missouri and the East is giddy and ill-founded in comparison with the Oklahomans unwilling reaction to displacement. Yet, it is they, the pioneers, whom our history books declare the heroes.11. Which of the following excerpts from the essay is an opinion, rather than a fact? a. Both Steinbecks and Guthries characters are primarily farmers. b. Steinbecks Oklahomans are forced off their land by the banks who own their mortgages c. John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, was followed ten years later by A. B. Guthries The Way West. d. The pioneers decision to leave their farms in Missouri and the East is frivolous and ill-founded in comparison with the Oklahomans 9. From the context of the passage, it can be determined that the word frivolous most nearly meansa. silly. b. high-minded. c. dif? cult. d. calculated. 10. Suppose that the author is considering following this sentence with supportive detail Both undergo great hardship to make the trek. Which of the following sentences would be in keeping with the comparison and separate structure of the paragraph? a. The migrants in The Way West cross the Missouri, then the Kaw, and make their way overland to the Platte. b. The Oklahomans jalopies break down repeatedly, while the pioneers wagons need frequent repairs. c. Todays travellers would consider it a hardship to spend several days, let alone severalmonths, getting anywhere. d. The Joad fami ly, in The Grapes of Wrath, loses both grandmother and grand stimulate before the journey is complete. 12. The language in the paragraph implies that which of the following will happen to the Oklahomans when they arrive in California? a. They will ? nd a means to practice their religion freely. b. They will be declared national heroes. c. They will not ? nd the jobs they were promised. d. They will make their livings as mechanics rather than as farm laborers. 7 PRETEST top Clintons Inaugural Address (excerpt from the opening) When George uppercase ?rst took the oath I have just sworn to uphold, news traveled slowly across the land by horseback and across the ocean by boat. Now the sights and sounds of this sacrament are broadcast instantaneously to billions just about the world. Communications and commerce are international. Investment is mobile. Technology is almost magical, and ambition for a better life history is now universal. We earn our livelihood in America today in peaceful competition with people all across the Earth. Profound and all-powerful forces are shaking and remaking our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy.This new world has already enriched the lives of millions of Americans who are able to compete and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less when others cannot work at all when the cost of healthcare devastates families and threatens to bankrupt our enterprises, great and small when the fear of law-breaking robs law-abiding citizens of their freedom and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are affair them to lead, we have not made change our friend. 15. When President Clinton says that most people are working harder for less, he isa. reaching a reasonable deduction based on evidence he has provided. b. reaching an unreasonable conclusion based on evidence he has provided. c. making a initiation that would require evide nce before it could be con? rmed. d. making a generalization that is so obvious that evidence is not needed. 13. What is the central topic of the speech so far? a. how Americans can keep up with global competition b. ways in which technology has undermined our economy c. ways in which technology has improved our lives d. how change has affected America and our need to adjust 14.By comparing our times with those of George Washington, Bill Clinton demonstrates a. how apparently different, but rattling similar, the two eras are. b. how technology has drastically speeded up communications. c. that presidential inaugurations receive gigantic media attention. d. that television is a much more convincing communications puppet than print. 16. Assuming that Clinton wants to add something about crime being a more serious threat in our time than in George Washingtons, which of the following sentences would be most consistent with the tone of the presidential speech? a.If Id been alive in G eorges day, I would have have intercourseed acute that my wife and child could walk city streets without being mugged. b. In George Washingtons time, Americans may not have sleep togethered as many luxuries, but they could rest in the awareness that their populatehoods were safe. c. George could at least count on one thing. He knew that his family was safe from crime. d. A statistical analysis of the overall growth in crime rates since 1789 would reveal that a signi? cant increase has occurred. 8 PRETEST The Crossing Chapter I The dreary Wall (excerpt from the opening of a novel by Winston Churchill)I was born under the Blue Ridge, and under that side which is blue in the evening light, in a wild land of game and forest and rushing waters. There, on the borders of a creek that runs into the Yadkin River, in a cabin that was chinked with red mud, I came into the world a subject of King George the Third, in that part of his soil known as the province of North Carolina. The c abin reeked of corn-pone and bacon, and the odor of pelts. It had two shakedowns, on one of which I slept under a bearskin. A rough stone chimney was reared outside, and the ? replace was as long as my start out was tall.There was a crane in it, and a bake tympani and over it great buckhorns held my stupefys ri? e when it was not in use. On other horns hung jerked bears meat and venison hams, and gourds for make happying cups, and bags of seed, and my fathers best hunting shirt also, in a unattended corner, several articles of womans attire from pegs. These once belonged to my mother. Among them was a robe of silk, of a ? ne, faded pattern, over which I was wont to speculate. The women at the Cross-Roads, twelve miles away, were dressed in coarse butternut wool and huge sunbonnets.But when I questioned my father on these weighs he would give me no answers. My father washow shall I say what he was? To this day I can scarcely surmise many things of him. He was a Scotchman born, and I know now that he had a slight Scotch accent. At the time of which I write, my early childhood, he was a frontiersman and hunter. I can see him now, with his hunting shirt and leggins and moccasins his powder horn, engraved with wondrous scenes his bullet sack and tomahawk and hunting knife. He was a tall, lean man with a strange, sad face.And he talked little save when he drank too many horns, as they were called in that country. These lapses of my fathers were a perpetual theme of wonder to meand, I must say, of delight. They occurred only when a passing traveler who hit his fancy chanced that way, or, what was almost as rare, a neighbor. Many a winter dark I have lain awake under the skins, listening to a ? ow of language that held me spellbound, though I understood scarce a word of it. Virtuous and vicious every man must be, some in the extreme, but all in a degree. The chance neighbor or traveler was no less struck with wonder.And many the time have I heard the query , at the Cross-Roads and elsewhere, Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin? 18. Judging by the sentences contact it, the word surmise in the third paragraph most nearly means a. to form a negative opinion. b. to praise. c. to desire. d. to guess. 17. Why did the narrator admire it when his father drank too many horns, or drafts of liquor? a. The father verbalize brilliantly at those times. b. The boy was then allowed to do as he pleased. c. These were the only times when the father was not abusive. d. The boy was allowed to sample the drink himself.9 PRETEST 22. Which of the following adjectives best describes the region in which the cabin is located? a. remote b. urban c. agricultural d. ?at 19. The mention of the dress in the second paragraph is most likely meant to a. show the similarity between its owner and other members of the community. b. show how warm the climate was. c. show the contrast between its owner and other members of the community. d. give us insight into the way most of the women of the region dressed. 23. The author most likely uses dialect when quoting the question, Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin? in order to a. show disapproval of the fathers drinking. b. show how people talked down to the narrator. c. show the speakers lack of education. d. mimic the way the father talked. 20. It can be inferred from the passage that Alec Trimble is a. a traveler. b. a neighbor. c. the narrators father. d. a poet. 21. What is the meaning of the lines of verse quoted in the passage? a. Men who pretend to be virtuous are actually vicious. b. Moderate amounts of virtuousness and viciousness are present in all men.c. Virtuous men cannot also be vicious. d. Whether men are virtuous or vicious dependson the dif? culty of their circumstances. 10 PRETEST (excerpt from a letter to a pet-sitter) Dear Lee, As I told you, Ill be gone until Wednesday morning.Thank you so much for taking on my children while Im away. Like real children, they can be kind of irrit ating sometimes, but Im going to enjoy myself so much more knowing theyre getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the queen in Latin, and she acts like one) is teething. If you dont watch her, shell rattle on anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew wagers around the house.Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then youll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. Shell try to dig a hole between the cushions of the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, shell wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, abject a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, dont I?You have to understand, my own son is practically gravid up. Reginas food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I dont want her to lose her young ladyish ? gure. She can share Rex (the Kings) water, but be sure its changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and ? rst thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business.She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which its important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the clunk. Shed rather play saccade of war with it. Tell her, Sit Then, when she does, say, Drop it Be sure to carve up her good girl, and then throw the ball for her. I hope youll enjoy these sessions as much as I do. Now, for the other two, Rex and Paws (letter continues) 26. According to the author, his or her attachment to the pets derives at least partially from a. their regal pedigrees and royal bearing.b.having few friends to pass the time with. c. these particular beasts exceptional needs. d. a desire to continue parenting. 24. The tone of this letter is best described as a. chatty and humorous. b. logical and precise. c. con? dent and trusting. d. condescending and preachy. 25. If the pet-sitter is a business-like professional who watches peoples pets for a living, she or he would likely prefer a. more ? rst-person revelations about the owner. b. fewer ? rst-person revelations about the owner. c. more praise for agreeing to watch the animals. d. greater detail on the animals cute behavior. 27.The information in the note is suf? cient to determine that there are three animals. They are a. two cats and a dog. b. three dogs. c. a dog, a cat, and an unspeci? ed animal. d. a cat, a dog, and a parrot. 11 PRETEST 29. From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name Rexis a. Spanish. b. English. c. French. d. Latin.28. Given that there are three animals to feed, which of the following arrangements of the feeding instructions would be most ef? cient and easiest to follow? a. all given in one list, chronologically from morning to night b. provided on an individual basis as they are for Regina,within separate passages on each animal c. given in the order of quantities needed, the most to the least d. placed in the middle of the letter, where they would be least likely to be overlooked.30. If the sitter is to follow the owners directions in playing fetch with Regina, at what point will he or she will tell Regina good girl? a. every time Regina goes after the ball b. after Regina ? nds the ball c. when Regina brings the ball back d. after Regina drops the ball (excerpt from a pro-voting essay) Voting is the privilege for which wars have been fought, protests have been organized, and editorials have been written.No taxat ion without representation was a difference of opinion cry of the American Revolution. Women struggled for suffrage as did all minorities. Eighteen-year-olds clamored for the right to vote, saying that if they were old enough to go to war, they should be allowed to vote. Yet Americans have a deplorable voting history. Interviewing people about their voting habits is revealing. There are individuals who state that they have never voted. Often, they claim that their individual vote doesnt matter. Some people blame their absence from the voting booth on the fact that they do not know enough about the issues.In a democracy, we can express our opinions to our elected leaders, but more than half(prenominal) of us sometimes avoid choosing the people who make the policies that affect our lives. 33. By choosing the word clamored, the author implies that a. eighteen-year-olds are generally enthusiastic. b. voting was not a serious concern to eighteenyear-olds. c. eighteen-year-olds felt str ongly that they should be allowed to vote. d. eighteen-year-olds do not handle themselves in an adult-like manner.31. This argument relies primarily on which of the following techniques to make its points? a. emotional assertions b. researched facts in support of an assertionc. emotional appeals to voters d. emotional appeals to nonvoters 32. Which of the following sentences best summarizes the main idea of the passage? a. Americans are too work-shy to vote.b. Women and minorities fought for their right to vote. c. Americans do not take voting seriously enough. d. Americans do not think that elected of? cials take their opinions seriously. 12 PRETEST Improving Streamside Wildlife habitats (excerpt from Habitat Extension Bulletin distributed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department) Riparian plant the green band of vegetation along a watercourse can help stabilize pullulate banks ?lter sediment from surface runoff and provide wildlife habitat, gillyflower forage, and scenic valu e. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff, releasing it later during drier months, thus improving late-summer bombard ? ows. In many parts of the arid West, trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species, including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor check game bird populations.Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals, both game and nongame. Dead trees (snags) are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creepers, and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or insult of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small are a begin to die, contact your local extension agent immediately. 36. Assume that the author has done some otherwriting on this topic for a different audience.The other piece begins Remember the last time you walked along a stream? No doubt thick vegetation prevented easy progress. What is the likely effect on the reader of this opening? a. an aroused interest, due to the reference to the readers personal experience b. resentment, due to being addressed so in person c. loss of interest, because the opening line makes no attempt to draw the reader in d. confusion, because not every reader has walked along a stream 34. What is the effect of the word choice riparian?

Individualism as an American Cultural Value Essay

Ameri washstand culture is of tenner associated with some images related to to general stereotypes such as assertiveness, optimism, boldness, a sense of enterprise, and a inviolable handshake. further, these characteristics argon only general observations about the American society. Given this, the mentioned characteristics may be present to only some Americans and cannot be attri thoed to everyone. precisely in that respect is one value that nearly every American possesses and that is individualism. In specify the American culture, individualism is the immediate concept that comes to mind.Because of this, aliens like immigrants, foreigners or plenty from different coveringgrounds will have a difficult time to cause accustomed with this kind of culture. In fact, in the early period, outsiders found it dense to adapt to the American value of individualism because of the differences in cultural values. The thinker of a family often poses as the source for confusion or see between cultures. In the US, bringing merriment to every family member is the principal(prenominal) purpose of having a family. This can be carried out by give each family member the right to express themselves and pursue their dreams and passions in life.However for otherwise cultures, the emphasis on the achievement of an individuals happiness without the abet of the others may be perceived as rude or inappropriate. It could be a sign of disrespect or lack of love. But for many an(prenominal) Americans, it is simply just an act of encouragement for a mortal to reach his or her utmost potential. For instance, a typical American would ordinarily start to live breakawayly after highs cool by sledding to college and financial support in campus dormitories. Also, Sponsol had a similar experience when he go to a summer camp for the East-West Center participants.One of the supervisors brought his wife and kids. The ten month old son of the supervisor acquired the most attent ion because of his prettiness so everyone wanted to play. During this interaction, the kid fell down and everyone tried to help him set up up. But the parents became and asked the students to leave the kid alone who howevertually got up on his own and stopped crying ( Sponsol 423). Moreover, privacy is definitely other aspect that an outsider would bring forth unusual in the American culture. volume of the American population value their privacy.It has been observed that most Americans just read hello and seldom pursue a conversation with other people. For outsiders, this can be a sign of being impolite particularly for those who grew in a setting wherein asking private questions are accepted. Because of this, many find it hard to be friends with Americans. Sponsol explained that in the book, Americans do not like to be asked in with private questions or pried on their personal affairs. For instance, asking questions like, How massive have you been divorced? Or Are you going to marry a Thai again or American?Or How much do you earn? or How long have you been married? , can be recognized as an invasion of ones privacy (421). A lot of people could experience having cultural shock when they visit the US for the very first time. As a result, it would be difficult for them to get used to the American culture. There are many reasons why this happens but cultural background plays a major role in plan the line between the Americans and outsiders. Some may have a inside(a) life in their home lands but when they migrated to the US, they had to work in revision to sustain their daily living.Furthermore, in the US culture, an individual has to be independent and hardworking to earn money in order to pay for the bills and other necessities such as food, home and education. In other cultures, some individuals do not have to work in order to survive because their parents are the ones taking care of their finances. It is very hard for an outsider to adapt and dra w off the American Culture. In the experience of Hanan Al-Shaykh, a Lebanese, she was filled with shock when she visited her baby in the US. Their family was accustomed to the good life in Lebanon but in the US, her sister lived a minimum wage earned.She felt pitiful for the living condition of her sister in the Land of Milk and Honey. Her sister even found it hard to get a job in the US even though she has a good educational background (Hanan 287). As a foreigner, I also experienced some difficult measure in getting immersed and accustomed with American society and culture. In Saudi-Arabian Arabia, my life was easier. In my native land, dependence to others is a common practice. For instance, my family occupied helpers to take care of all our needs at home. Their duties mainly evolved on domestic chores such as cleaning clothes, cooking food and many others.Because of this, easy and carefree lifestyle, I had trouble adapting to the American culture when I moved there. I had to le arn to look after myself wherein all the duties of our helpers back home, I had to them on my own in the US. Finally, because of the cultural values of the Americans, an outsider will find it hard or at least will need a longer time to adapt to theses values. Besides the assertiveness, optimism, boldness, a sense of enterprise, and a solid handshake, individualism will always be a crucial value of the Americans that will aid in develop and achieving their dreams and passion.

“Anak” reaction paper Essay

1. Based on the photo Anak, what unique(predicate) issues do OFW (Overseas Filipino Worker) farms and their children face? Give three concrete examples. a. curiousness of family members and change in behaviori. In iodine of the first a couple of(prenominal) scenes of the movie, Josie arrives in the Philippines. A friend and her children greet her yet she does not vizor her children right away. She gracefully greets her children the moment that she found give away that it was infact them already every grown up. Since she was abroad for a very long time, her children didnt do it how to react to her gracefulness and felt a little awkward, especially for Daday, the youngest of her three children, whom she left field at a very early age. So there is an foreignness of the face and ofcourse in behavior. Children grow up and eventually get apply to not being around their OFW parents so their behavior towards them also change. b. crusade to reconnect to one anotheri. It was also evident in the movie that the children were struggle to be open to Josie, most especially Carla. Carla felt like her sustain betrayed her by not coming back home and not affair them when she was gone. So she grew up not having a puzzle who would look out for her and teach her the good values that she needed. Carla ended up being influenced by the wrong people. When her mother finally came home, she felt like her mother was not part of her life everymore and on the dot stopped caring close her. She never told her stories of what happened to her life. Also, Michael had a struggle to tell her that his full scholarship got voided, and Daday had a dangerous time being comfortable with Josie. All this is due to the experiences of Josies children that she missed. She wasnt able to be there for her children during the times wherein they needed her the most. So the children lost their sense of security and struggled to get it back. c. Living in the Philippinesi. As simple as it sound s, I believe that OFWs find it very hard to abide in the Philippines again. Just like in the movie, Josie and her friends taxi line of business enterprise was not that successful. It also affects the lifestyle of the children just like how Josie had to pay Michaels full tuition fee for him to study in school. She used the business money to pay for that. Aside from the struggle to reconnect, this is an additional burden for OFWs so sometimes, like in Josies case, they go back abroad and just try to get a more decent job from there, and at one time again, away from the family.2. How do transnational families (families with OFWs or migrant workers) challenge stereotypes or images of the traditional family? a. I think they just try their best to live a normal life. When it comes to communicating with the OFW parents, they see to it that they make use of any kind of communication like letters, phone calls, and in this current generation, we start video calling. They do this so that they feel like their parents are with them and their connector with them wont be broken. In the movie, it was seen the Josies bosses hindered her from talking to her family at home and also from going back home to the Philippines when her husband died. So, the club between Josie and her children got broken ever since that happened.3. What other issues confronting the family were present in the film? Justify your answer by giving concrete examples. a. One of the issues in the film is Carlas involvement with illegal substance and teenage pregnancy. She does this to deal out with her tough experiences. She mentioned in the movie that she was like that because she never had a mother to tell her not to do those kinds of stuff. She never had a mothers security thats why she felt like she can single-handed do stuff without the permit of anyone. b. Another issue is the struggle to prevail up with local business. This was seen when both of Josies friends backed out of the taxi business d ue to financial problems. This, and family issues, left Josie no choice but to just go back to Hong Kong and work there again.4. Give cardinal concrete recommendations to solve problems confronting transnational families and/or other family-related problems that were present in the film. a. There should always be communication between the OFW parent and his or her family members. With this, they are updated about each others lives and they are connected. Also, the children willing still somehow feel the security of theparents even though theyre not physically with them. b. Try to visit as much as possible. Even though there is communication, seeing a loved one personally is still better. There is more shared experienced when an OFW parent is physically with his or her children and therefore, there is a stronger bond among them.

Religion is the Key to Success Essay

worship should have an impact on every atomic number 53s life. consort to K atomic number 18n Armstrong, without pietism, quite a little would not be able to disc everyplace their get own(prenominal) reason of life with a pure reason or solve set by any guidelines. As a result of obtaining a good foundation of faith in your morality, it will not barely positively affect your life on a personal level, barely the community as a whole. If we look back at humans antiquity, we commonly realise that people of numerous varied religions, traditions, and cultures had one important goal of relegateing the meaning of peace and purity in their own selves.In the s flushteenth century BCE, the Hindus created a adjudge of philosophical texts called the Upanishads, property the main idea of finding ones sacred self-importance, or atman. This sacred book led tranquility and serenity into the everyday lives of many Hindus. According to Armstrong, the mean of religion has been and alw ays should be to help us live peacefully, creatively, and even joyously. Armstrong also areas that by engaging in apparitional practices and forms of life, people stop live their lives on a higher divine plane and thusly discover their own authorized selves. Karen Armstrong believes that religion does help people to find beneficial meanings in their lives and does allow people discover their inner selves. end-to-end the qualifying Homo Religiosus written by Karen Armstrong, there are many historical events coming from various cultural and phantasmal backgrounds that support her look in which religion does and should play a crucial part in everyones lives. However, not only does religion bring harmony and article of faith in peoples lives, however religion also back up people in finding a legitimate meaning in their life and in the world. It helps to positively strengthen the relationship between the people leading to the elimination of greed, hatred, and pride in communi ties.Like Confucius beliefs, the Buddhists had a state of peace of their own. Nirvana was the natural result of a life lived jibe to the doctrine of Buddhas anatta. Anatta required Buddhists to live as if though the self did not exist, which led to corruption fading away. It is stated, His (a monks) greed fades away, and once his cravings disappear, he experiences the release of the mind (Miller and Spellmeyer 37). This text states that when the people heard nigh annata, their hearts were occupied with joy and they immediately experienced Nirvana. As a result, people were living between each other with love, care, and ease towards one another which led to a better life style overall.The famous Confucius practice Golden linguistic rule is also another example of religion brining peaceful meanings in ones life. Confucius, the most famous religious icon in Chinese history, clarifies the meaning behind the Golden Rule. The Golden Rule states that an respective(prenominal) should t reat another the same way he/she would kindred to be treated by others. Confucius would later explain that the practice of the Golden Rule would bring people into a state of ren, which is a state of kindness and love. Although ren did bring peace and love between the people of Confucius, it is stated that it was so hard to completedly be in this state. It was stated that people had a hard time achieving a full state of ren. Nonetheless, people want being in this pure state.Yan Hui, Confuciuss greatest student, said with a deep sigh, Yan Hui stated, The more I strain my gaze towards it, the higher it soars. The deeper I bore down into it, the harder it becomes. I see it in front, but utterly it is behind. Step by step, the Master skillfully lures one on. He has broadened me with culture, restrain me with ritual. Even if I wanted to stop, I could not. Just when I mat up that I have exhausted every resource, something seems to rise up, standing over me sharp and clear. Yet thoug h I long to pursue it, I can find no way of getting it all (Miller and Spellmeyer 38). This passage explains how hard people were trying to obtain this state.Religion as define by the mentors of great countries like India, China, and the Middle East was not something impossible, so far it was a realistic one. It was not about believing in a matinee idol or believing in a divine being. Religion was based on physical activities, disciplined work, and robust undertakings on a daily basis. Back then, religion had its real meaning of organizing ones life and basing ones life on religion. Sadly, religion has its own different inappropriate meaning nowadays.Which leads to my repoint of Karen Armstrong talking about how many people find the concept of God and religion so troublesome only when because they have lost wad of this important understanding. She also explains how for each separate religion, there is an ontological flack to understanding it. Many people have simply just pro ne up on God because of self-corruption like greed, stubbornness, and impatience.In Greek mythology, it is stated, No god can survive unless he or she is actualized by the mulish activity of ritual, and people often whirl against gods who fail to deliver. The rites and practices that that once make him a persuasive symbol of the sacred are no bimestrial effective, and people have stopped participating in them. He has whence become otiosus, an etiolated reality who for all intents and purposes has indeed died or bypast away (Miller and Spellmeyer 31). If God does not comply the peoples needs, then they will turn against this god and he/she will no longer be effective.In the passage, it is also explains how religion requires a disciplined cultivation of a different mode of consciousness. This basically means that before you perform any religious task, you must pursue ekstasis, which literally means stepping out the norm you are accustomed to. Unfortunately, nowadays people are e ither to lazy or lost desire to seek any religious salvation simply because many things have taking over our world like media, entertainment, sports, euphony etc. They pursue other means to stand outside the norm. It is like they almost feel free when they are listening to the type of melody they desire, or play the type of sport they seek, or are entertain by media that they desire.Karen Armstrong proves her point Today people who no longer find it in a religious setting resort to other outlets music, dance, art, sex, drugs, or sport. We make a point of seeking out these experiences that touch us deep within and lift us momentarily beyond ourselves. At such times, we feel that we inhabit our humanity more fully than familiar and experience an enhancement of being (Miller and Spellmeyer 27)In conclusion, Armstrong strongly anchors her belief of religion having a positive influential affect on peoples lives, helping them find a purpose in their life, and aiding them in discoveri ng their true selves. She has her belief backed up by many famous religious icons from different backgroundslike Buddha, Confucius, and even Greek mythology. She explained how it helps organize peoples lives, better the relationship between two people and last but not least, it helps purify a persons whole entire life. Reassuringly, religion, does quite in fact, impacts the lives of many.Works Cited1)Miller, Richard E., and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The saucily humanities reader. fourth ed. Boston, milliampere Lyn Uhl, 2009. 38. Print.2) Vinaya textbooks, Part I (SBE 13) Mahvagga First Khandaka. Internet Sacred Text Archive Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.3) Miller, Richard E., and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 37. Print.4) Miller, Richard E., and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 27. Print.5) Miller, Richard E., and Ku rt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 31. Print.View as multi-pages

Others vs. leaders Essay

To further test why thither was a balance in the above results, t-test was further conducted in the midst of the two groups to identify the items where there are possible oddments between the two groups under study. B. 1. leadership, period 1 at that place was no substantial difference between the leadinghip think about gain ground of the Others multitude and the leaders conclave. This stiffs that as far as the leadership indicators were fretfulnessed the two groups could be considered as belonging to the equivalent population, get across 4. Table 4. T-Test Results of Leadership call up Scores of the Others crowd and the Leaders base Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance.Leadership 3. 805 4. 186 -1. 68 p=0. 10n. s. n. s. = non portentous (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * real at 1% direct (reject null hypothesis) This implied that although the respondents belonged to different echelons in the cheek studied, as far as the Leadership, s ituation 1, measures are concerned the Junior Officers and the Senior Officers perform at the same direct. B. 2. Strategic Planning, Item 2 The t-test showed there was no noteworthy difference between mean scores of the two groups suggesting uniformity in perception as far as the indicators of strategic planning were concerned, Table 5.Table 5. T-Test Results of Strategic Planning pissed Scores of the Others concourse and the Leaders gathering Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Strategic Planning 3. 852 4. 19 -1. 13 p=0. 265n. s. n. s. = not evidentiary (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 3. client and Market Focus, Item 3 The t-test on comparing the mean scores of the Others grouping and the Leaders Group showed a significant difference between the two groups with the Leaders Group considerably had higher mean score, Table 6.Table 6. T-Test Results of Customer and Market Focus Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Customer and Market Focus 2. 708 3. 143 -2. 09 p=0. 043 * n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 4. Measurement, Analyses and knowledge Management, Item 4 There is no significant difference between the Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group, Table 7. Table 7.T-Test Results of Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management 3. 795 3. 531 0. 64 p=0. 527n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 5. charitable Resource Focus, Item 5 There is no significant difference between the humans Resource Focus mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group, Table 8. Table 8.T-Test Results of Human Resource Focus Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Human Resource Focus 3. 217 3. 35 -0. 55 p=0. 587n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 6. Process Management, Item 6 There is no significant difference between the Process Management mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group. Table 9. T-Test Results of Process Management Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance.Process Management 3. 772 3. 819 -0. 24 p=0. 813n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 7. trading Results, Item 7 There is significant difference between the Business Results mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Gro up. The Others and the Leaders Group differed in their responses for Business Results. The Leaders Group had higher responses for these types of questions, Table 10. Table 10. T-Test Results of Business Results Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group.Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Business Results 2. 245 2. 926 -2. 23 p=0. 031* n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 8. Implications of the t-test Results The t-test conducted revealed significant difference between the two groups on two items, namely Customer and Market Focus, Item 3 and Business Results, Item 7. According to the Baldrige Criteria, the Customer and Market Focus Category, Item 3, examines how the organization determines requirements, needs, expectations, and preferences of customers and markets.Also examined is how the organization builds relationships with customers and determines the Key Factors that lead to customer acquisition and satisfaction, trueness and retention, and to business expansion and sustainability. We take note that this concern is a concern essentially orthogonal to the organization but defines the rationale or vastness of the organization to the bigger society through which the organization was dedicated in serving. In the legions service, the customer and market are presumably not only the men and women in the service but the public at large and all its agencies.It could be expected that the top echelon of the military leadership surveyed in the study were concerned not only with how the organization plant life but whether the expectations of its function to serve the public at large were macrocosm met. Another item which showed significant difference with the Leaders Group win higher than the Others Groups is Business Results, Item 7. Based from the Baldrige indicators, this item is customer-oriented and measures performance accommodate at satisfyi ng the customer as well as performance in the marketplace.In other words, this item is concerned with results which would finish the mandate or mission of the organization. Again, we take note that this item is external to the organization which leads us to a possible explanation for much(prenominal) a result. The differences between the two groups suggested that there was a sort of a conversion in perception of officers as they go up in the hierarchy. This go for the earlier observation that positions in the organization may have its picture requirements given its functions which shape the perception or point of view of those occupying such positions.C. Excerpt from the Correlation hyaloplasm for the Leaders Group To further investigating into the nature of the difference of point of views or priorities between the two groups, cross- correlativity between the items were conducted on the Leader Group. The results revealed a negative or inverse correlational statistics bet ween Strategic Planning, Item 2, and Customer Market Focus, Item 3 whereas, a positive correlation between Strategic Planning, Item 2 and Process Management, Item 6, Table 11. Table 11. Excerpt from the Correlation Matrix for Leaders Strategic Planning Item 2.Customer and Market Focus, Item 3 -0. 811 0. 027 Process Management, Item 6 0. 955 0. 001 Cell Contents Pearson correlation p-Value These results further showed us some trends which were not shown in the cross correlation test conducted for the Others Group. That is, for leaders in key positions, the concern is satisfying the goals and achieving the results and the elaborate like strategy become a lesser concern. Arguably, the top echelon of the military leadership has the whole organization working under its wings which would deliver and perform.Specifics, then have to be largely delegated to the Junior Officers. The positive correlation between strategy and process management suggested that top leadership in the case of the respondents surveyed in this study, likewise did not bother much with the exposit of certain processes possibly as in the case of strategy mission the meticulous tasks to Junior Officers. Again, this supported the previous trend of position ground perspectives suggesting opposing point views may be due to position occupied.

Book Review on the Godfather by Mario Puzo

Submitted by Md. Jane Alam Sufian Assistant managing director 29th BCS (Ansar) Ansar & VDP academy Shafipur, Gazipur Book Review On The God bring forth By Mario Puzo Submitted To Hira Miah track trim down OIC Director (Training) Ansar & VDP Academy Shafipur, Gazipur Submitted by Md. Jane Alam Sufian Assistant Director 29th BCS (Ansar) Ansar & VDP Academy Shafipur, Gazipur Acknowledgement Book review is an important assignment for an officer. For the successful sparkment wholly credits and praises ar imputable to Almighty, the roughly merciful the most gracious Allah.To complete this very work I had to seek focal point and help from lot of per give-and-takes who helped me without any hesitation, I am re bothy pleasant to them for their patience.. I had to take n mavens from the internet in this case I hand uptaked wikipedia as reference and As I had submitted the hold in attain by Mario Puzo and it wasnt available in our library so I had to collect this carry from Nil khet, Dhaka. I would akin to express my sincerest and deepest respect to my personal line of credit OIC Hira Miah, Director (Training) Bangladesh Ansar & VDP Academy and CC Deputy Director Kamrun Nahar Bangladesh Ansar & VDP Academy.Finally I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my course mates. Introduction The Godfather is a crime sassy create verbally by Italian Ameri poop condition Mario Puzo, pilot lightly promulgated in 1969 by G. P. Putnams Sons. It details the myth of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family based in juvenile York urban center (and Long Beach, red-hot York) and headed by adopt Vito Corle adept, who became synonymous with the Italian Mafia. The fable c all overs the long snip 1945 to 1955, and also provides the back story of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.The book introduced Italian criminal confiness like consiglieri, caporegime, Cosa Nostra, and omerta to an English- let the cat out of the bag ing audience. It formed the introduction for a 1972 film of the same nurture. Two film posterioritys, including new contri entirelyions by Puzo himself, were make in 1974 and 1990. The depression and encourage films are widely considered to be devil of the spaciousest films of all time. The cover was created by S. Neil Fujita whose design live a large Gothic-style letter G with a long crape at the top emphasizing the scratch line three letters of the title, t give the axeed to(p) by the hands of a puppeteer holding a set of strings over the father portion of the word.Title Some controversy surrounds the title of the book and its underworld implications. Although it is widely reported that Puzo was inspired to use Godfather as a designator for a Mafia leader from his experience as a reporter, the term The Godfather was first used in connection with the Mafia during Joe Valachis testimony during a 1963 join States congressional hearing on organized crime. Main fictional characters The Corleone family patriarch is Vito Corleone (The tire), whose surname (Italian for Lionheart) recalls the town of Corleone, Sicily.Vito has four children Santino Sonny Corleone, Frederico Fredo Corleone, Michael Mikey Corleone, and Constanzia Connie Corleone. He also has an informally adopted son, Tom Hagen, who became the Corleones consiglieri. Vito Corleone is also the godfather of singer and depiction star freedom fighter Fontane. The godfather referred to in the title is generally taken to be Vito. How invariably, the storys central character is truly Michael. Its central theme follows that it is Michaels destiny to re govern his father as the head of the family, despite his determination to lead a more Americanized animation with his girlfriend (and eventual wife) Kay Adams.The Corleone family is in fact a criminal governance with national influence, nonably entertainion, extortion, gambling and union racketeering. Serving under the presume is his oldes t son Santino, who serves as underboss. The operational side of the organization is headed by two caporegimes, Peter Clemenza and Salvatore Tessio. Film adaptation Main article The Godfather In 1972, a film adaptation of the novel was released, starring Marlon Brando as assume Vito Corleone, Al Pacino as Michael Corleone, and tell by Francis Ford Coppola.Mario Puzo assisted with write the screenplay and with divers(prenominal) production assesss. The film grossed approximately $269 million worldwide and won variant awards, including three Academy allocates, five Golden Globes and one Grammy and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time. The sequel, The Godfather Part II won six Oscars, and became the first sequel to win the Academy destine for Best Picture. The film is identical to the novel in most places, but leaves out some details, such(prenominal) as extended back stories for some characters. Some of these details ere actually filmed, and were included in later versions such as The Godfather Saga. A subplot involving knot Fontane in Hollywood was not filmed. The biggest difference was that the novel included a more upbeat ending than the film, in which Kay Corleone accepts Michaels finale to take over his fathers business. The film, in contrast, ends with Kays realization of Michaels ruthlessness, a theme that would develop in the second and third films, which were largely not based on the pilot light novel. Vito Corleones backstory appeared in the second film.Other adaptations Main article The Godfather The Game The video game phoner Electronic Arts released a video game adaptation of The Godfather on March 21, 2006. The player assumes the role of a spend in the Corleone family. forward to his death, Marlon Brando provided some voice work for Vito, which was eventually deemed unusable and was dubbed over by a Brando impersonator. Francis Ford Coppola said in April 2005 that he was not assured of Paramounts decision to all ow the game to be made and he did not approve of it. 4 Al Pacino also did not participate, and his likeness was replaced with a different depiction of Michael Corleone. Sequels In 1983 Puzos literary sequel to The Godfather was published. Entitled The Sicilian it chronicles the support of Guiliano (Salvatore Giuliano) but the Corleone family is featured heavily finishedout, Michael Corleone in particular. Chronologically this story sits surrounded by Michaels exile to Sicily in 1950 to his event to the USA. Due to copyright reasons the Corleone family involvement was knock from the Michael Cimino movie adaption.In 2004, Random House published a sequel to Puzos The Godfather, The Godfather Returns, by Mark Winegardner. A further sequel by Winegardner, The Godfathers Revenge, was released in 2006. The sequel novels continue the story from Puzos novel. The Godfather Returns picks up the story immediately after the end of Puzos The Godfather. It covers the geezerhood 1955 to 1962, as well as providing significant backstory for Michael Corleones character former to the events of the first novel. The events of the film The Godfather Part II all take place within the time frame of this novel, but are scarcely mentioned in the background.The novel contains an appendix that attempts to correlate the events of the novels with the events of the films. The Godfathers Revenge covers the years 1963 to 1964. Continuing Puzos habit, as seen in The Godfather, of featuring characters who are close analogues of real life events and earthly concern figures (as maverick Fontane is an analogue of Frank Sinatra), Winegardner features in his two Godfather novels analogues of Joseph, John, and Robert Kennedy, as well as an analogue for alleged organized crime figure Carlos Marcello (Carlo Tramonti).In The Godfather Returns, Winegardner also dramatizes the pass over of organized crime arrests that took place in Apalachin, naked as a jaybird York, in 1957. Winegardner uses al l of the characters from the Puzo novels, and created a few of his own, most notably Nick Geraci, a Corleone soldier who plays a pivotal role in the sequel novels. Winegardner further develops characters from the original novel, such as Fredo Corleone, Tom Hagen, and freedom fighter Fontane. Real-life influencesLarge parts of the novel are based upon reality, notably the history of the so-called Five Families, the Mafia-organization in New York and the surrounding area. The novel also includes many allusions to real-life mobsters and their associates, and grayback Fontane is based on Frank Sinatra, Moe Greene on Bugsy Siegel, for example. Summary Ageless Books are boldly insensible of the passage of time. The past and the future merge in the permanence of a timeless story. Years and decades pass us by, we bend up and grow old, and provided these books only be place more enduring with time.The Godfather story is insurmountable, it is beyond a classic, it is unashamedly ignorant o f cultural, geographical or age boundaries it resonates with all of us and has so ever since it first appeared in print in Mario Puzos epic novel in 1969. Nino Rotas world known main theme song is etched in the depth of my remembrance from my childhood eld when the medicinal drug filled my house in London. the Godfather has held a special place in my heart all my life. I knew the music many years before I watched the movie first, and that came many years before I read the novel.Now, and only now, after reading the novel do I understand why everyone loved this story so much and why they repeatedly watched and listened to the music. Now I feel close set(predicate) to one of my friend Razib and marvel at his taste in what I find to be a re agreeable story. How I wish he could be here today to tell me his thoughts on the Godfather, now that I can appreciate it. We may express the gratitude we feel toward our families while we have the chance, but why is it that the true under res t of that gratitude often greets us piercingly late in life?The ingenuous story and remarkable characters aside, the writing of Mario Puzo is of highest quality. Puzos novel speaks to every reader from every walk of life, and obviously through different generations. It runs through themes understood by all universe family and brotherhood, sacrifice and justice, trust and betrayal, revenge and retribution, business and association friendship that the Godfather held so tenderly and seriously, friendship that he offered openly and generously, friendship in the name of which he offered favors and collected them in due time.In the core of this magnificent story is Mario Puzos writing. On the surface, it mostly appears to be a crime novel with grotesque scenes and unhappy outcomes but it is only the surface. The writing is solid, authentic, lustful and obsessive through and through it takes your imagination into the scene, it places you inside the spot with the character and it demands that you amply partake in the intensity of every moment. The story endures and the writing of this remarkable source is the solid foundation of support which upholds t. Amerigo Bonasera sat in New York Court Number 3 and waited for justice. And so we enter the under world of Italian immigrants in New York city. We encounter characters we can neer forget. The depiction of these unforgettable characters Luca Brasi, Tom Hagen, Sonny Corleone, Kay Adams, Johnny Fontaine while supplementary to our main characters, paints a permanent picture before our eyeball in the hands of Mario Puzos masterful prose.Through these characters, we get to know our heroes, fool Vito Corleone as the head of the Corleone family and business, and the wiz of the ingenious mafia world, and Michael Corleone, the Dons preferent son, who refuses to follow in his fathers footsteps, joins the army and keeps a outstrip from the family, until one day in the deep countryside of Sicily, he meets his ultimate fate. Perhaps, in its aroma, in its very core, the Godfather is a story most father and son and their undeniable stick, which can be weakened but not broken, in the company of family loyalty and devotion reciprocating that of the Corleone family. I depart reason with him. Don Corleones famous motto, a phrase that, when used, immediately translated to Tom Hagen, his consigliere, that the Godfather will not be persuaded otherwise, and that it would be in the best interest of the opposing party to acquiesce to Godfathers legal injury because no matter what terms presented to them at this time, if they should fail to agree, it would most certainly be subject to harsher circumstances. Don Corleone is not a criminal man in his own world. He is a gracious, reasonable and honorable man.He has earned the respect of his family, his community, his workforce, the entire immigrant population from Italy, and all who know him through his distinguished reputation. When he first ca me to America, for the upstart Vito, this was the dream land of opportunity at a time when jobs were scarce in Sicily and the governing body was to be feared and not trusted. He wore out his invite quickly in America. He soon realized that the government and the governance do not exist to protect him, to grant him justice in the face of adversity and to act in his best interest.They exist to protect the law, which often is lacking in reason and circumstantial exceptions. The young Vitos turning point in life comes to him in the early days in America, when recently armed with this bitter knowledge, he had to protect himself against the countermine and feared Fanucci in New Yorks Hells Kitchen. Vito Corleone makes the simple, logical, ingenious decision on the fate of Fanucci, and subsequently the fate of all those families and businesses from whom Fanucci extorted money for cypher in return. That marks the day when he realizes his own fate in life.He begins to believe that eve ry man has one fate, something Michael always remembers about his father but does not fully comprehend until his hideout in Sicily later. The regression and the reverence of the Godfather is stunning and undeniable. He is worshiped on a massive scale, and save by societys measures, he is a first order criminal. Even as he commits the most heinous crime in all of the story, that of beheading of Khartoum, the magnificent horse belonging to Hollywood sentiency Woltz and the symbol of all beauty and innocence, the Godfather stands tall and respected.It is all understood and forgiven him as part of the business, necessary to reach certain goals and to protect certain interests. It is the legendary Marlon Brando performance engraved into a rock in our memory standing erect and military forceful, commanding his world and bringing justice where none can be achieved by societys standard measures. The ethics of Don Corleone come to surface as he is first approached by Sollozzo, the Tu rk about the drug business. It makes perfect sense to get engaged in trafficking drugs as a guaranteed measure to long-term power and money.Tom Hagen lays it down clearly If we do not get into it, someone else will. If it is not a main electric current of income in the families now, it will be in 5 years, 10 years down the road. We must act quick, Tom tells the Godfather. Sonny, with his short and quick temper, makes a fatal mistake during the course of these negotiations by disagreeing with his father during the meeting with Sollozzo nomenclature that have no doubt made a proud mark on the American pop culture when the Godfather tells him never to let anyone exterior the family know what you think.Yet despite the advice of his consigliere and his most likely successor, Sonny, the Godfather stands strong if alone in refusing to engage in drug business on ethics and undimmed business vision. This decision along with Sonnys foolishness to speak up at the Sollozzo meeting costs th e Godfather 6 bullets. Even so, these bullets do not even come close to matching the merciless gunning down of Sonny that later follows. These harsh blows to the most powerful man in all of NYC at the time raise intensity among the mafia world, and yet the Don refuses to act on this with justified vengeance.It is with unwavering belief and rock-solid ethics that the Godfather then delivers a most unforgettable speech to the five Italian families in hopes of truce on the drug business. The judges and senators that hold his friendship dear would no longer wish to be associated with him if the business calibrated from the small petty crimes around importing and exporting of olive oil colour and other goods, gambling, prostitution a favorite of Tattalias to a seriously enfeeble substance.In all of this, he stands alone as visionaries often do. When all brilliance broke loose after Godfathers shooting and his hospitalization, it took a mastermind planning session between Clemenza, T om Hagen and Sonny and Michael to arrive at the perfect solution. It was risky but the only way to handle the situation and it was for Michael to kill the slimy NY cop, McClusky, and the head of drug business, Sollozzo, in a public restaurant. Michael flees overnight to a hideout in Sicily, and waits for the smoke to clear to come home.It takes almost three years before he is able to safely return home during which time the Godfather tells Hagen every day Remember to use all your wits for a plan to bring Michael home. But it takes the sorcerer of the Godfathers sharp mind, even in his weakened condition, to find the only legitimate way to realize this and that brings us to the story of Felix Bocchichio. This was omitted from the first movie but brilliantly told in the book. The Bocchichio family are the primitive borderline strange generation who would take revenge an eye for an eye if anything were to happen to their clan.For that reason, having a Bocchichio hostage or havin g one arrange a meeting is compulsive insurance on the impartial validity of the matter. And it is through a misfortune of the Bocchichio family that Michael is able to return home. When Felix Bocchichio has his wake-up call after the ruthless way in which his colleagues betray him, he has to pay for a crime he did not commit. afterward he served his term and was released, he shoots his enemies dead in freehanded daylight, and waits to be arrested. It is impossible to find a way out of this bargain for Felix Bocchichio.The genius of Godfather arranges for Felix to confess to the murder of McCLusky and Sollozzo, for an exchange of large pension to his family for life. Felix confesses and Michael comes home at long last. The recurring theme of taking care of ones family in exchange for a favor to the Godfather is renewed at the turn of every page in this book. Some of the sub-plots running through the Godfather, non-central to the overall theme and missing from the movie, still m ake up my most cherished parts of this genius story.The indelible, lustful, raw passion which Lucy Mancini and Sonny hump for a short while is on top of that list. Even the cherubic brief romance of Michael Corleone and his first wife, the Italian bella Apollonia, deliciously described as it was, pales in comparison to the passages imparting the details of Sonnys erroneous affair with Lucy. Mario Puzo proves no less a gifted author in his creation of the erotic love scenes between the impassioned lovers. The love qualification is predatory as Lucy and Sonny devour one another with voracious appetite.When Sonny dies, Lucys whole physical being aches for him, a qualifying and a wound that Sonnys wife is far from experiencing. With the move to Vegas, thanks to Hagans arrangements to take care of extended relations of Sonny, Lucy embarks on a new life and adventures, including the nature of her relationship with Jules. Large or small, Puzo takes the time to first develop his chara cters fully even if in isolation of others and then to carefully weave each into the central plot. There is a reason and time for each character to play their part, pay their dues, return a favor, or bestow an act of friendship to the Godfather.The Don, the mastermind of Mario Puzos creation, is the only one who knows well in advance of others and that includes the reader how and when each chosen one will be called to action. From the wide spectrum of the compelling personalities at his finger tips, Mario Puzo affords way too much time to developing that of the wasteful, whiny, incapable Johnny Fontaine, the Godfathers Godson. If there is a more insufferable symbol in all of the Godfather, I must have missed the chapter because Johnny Fontaine is it for me. To my disappointment, we delve into Johnny and peel layer after layer into his life, his career, and his psyche.The caustic remark surrounding the deep love the Godfather feels for Johnny is blatant. He makes heaps of mi stakes, but he also destroys the one singular value held of highest regards in the eyes of Don Corleone, that of family He divorces and abandons his Italian wife and family in his drunken and dreadful stupor of dealing with fame. Still the Don continues to love and support his Godson unconditionally. It is for the slimy Johnny Fontaine that Jack Woltz pays dearly in the beheading of Khartoum, the finest, priciest, and rarest racehorse in the world.All of this sacrifice for the sacred bond of the Godfather to Godson relationship one held very high in the eye of a Sicilian man a bond for which the Godfather murders and destroys anything and anyone in order to protect. A sacred bond ever so wasted on a man such as Johnny Fontaine. Conclusion As a novelist and a masterful story-teller, Mario Puzo is gripping in every passage, every chapter and every book (total of 9 books in The Godfather). Movies 1 and 2 are no doubt classics of our time, and tightly capture the essence of the nove l.Timeless movies as they be, with unforgettable theme music to pull us in even deeper into the elusive ways of the Italian mafia underworld, it is the writing that I prefer. It is in the riveting passages of Mario Puzos original book that his characters come awake(p) in more riveting shapes and colors, although I admit that it is impossible not to associate them with the actors that have burned those names into our memories since the original Godfather movie. The Godfather is a chef-doeuvre and a classic, and a story that once read and consumed, leaves its readers and viewers changed permanently.About the author Mario Puzo Mario Gianluigi Puzo (October 15, 1920 July 2, 1999) was an American author and screenwriter, known for his novels about the Mafia, including The Godfather (1969), which he later co-adapted into a film by Francis Ford Coppola. He won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in both 1972, and 1974. Puzo was born into a abject family from Pietradefusi, Pro vince of Avellino, Campania, Italy living in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of New York. 1 Many of his books huff heavily on this heritage.After graduating from the City College of New York, he joined the United States Army Air Forces in World struggle II. Due to his wretched eyesight, the military did not let him undertake combat duties but made him a public relations officer stationed in Germany. In 1950, his first short story, The Last Christmas, was published in American Vanguard. After the war, he wrote his first book, The Dark Arena, which was published in 1955. At periods in the mid-fifties and early 1960s, Puzo worked as a writer/editor for publisher Martin Goodmans cartridge holder Management Company.Puzo, along with other writers like Bruce Jay Friedman, worked for the company line of mens room magazines, pulp titles like Male, True Action, and Swank. Under the pseudonym Mario Cleri, Puzo wrote World War II adventure features for True Action. Puzos most famous work, Th e Godfather, was first published in 1969 after he had heard anecdotes about Mafia organizations during his time in pulp journalism. He later said in an consultation with Larry King that his principal motivation was to make money. He had already, after all, written two books that had received great reviews, yet had not amounted to much.As a government clerk with five children, he was looking to write something that would appeal to the masses. With a number one bestseller for months on the New York Times Best marketer List, Mario Puzo had found his target audience. The book was later developed into the film The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The movie received 11 Academy Award nominations, winning three, including an Oscar for Puzo for Best Adapted Screenplay. Coppola and Puzo collaborated then to work on sequels to the original film, The Godfather Part II and The Godfather Part III.Puzo wrote the first draft of the script for the 1974 happening film Earthquake, which he was unable to continue working on due to his commitment to The Godfather Part II. Puzo also co-wrote Richard Donners window glass and the original draft for paneling II. He also collaborated on the stories for the 1982 film A Time to tire and the 1984 Francis Ford Coppola film The Cotton Club. Puzo never saw the publication of his penultima book, Omerta, but the disseminated sclerosis was finished before his death as was the manuscript for The Family.However, in a review originally published in the San Francisco Chronicle, Jules Siegel, who had worked nigh with Puzo at Magazine Management Company, speculated that Omerta may have been completed by some talentless hack. Siegel also acknowledges the temptation to rationalize avoiding what is probably the correct synopsis that Puzo wrote it and it is terrible. Puzo died of heart failure on Friday, July 2, 1999 at his home in alcove Shore, Long Island, New York. His family now lives in East Islip, New York. works of PuzoNo vels The Dark Arena (1955) The Fortunate Pilgrim (1965) The Runaway Summer of Davie Shaw (1966) Six sculpture to Munich (1967), as Mario Cleri The Godfather (1969) Fools Die (1978) The Sicilian (1984) The Fourth K (1991) The Last Don (1996) Omerta (2000) The Family (2001) (completed by Puzos girlfriend Carol Gino) Non-fiction Test Yourself Are You Heading for a Nervous Breakdown? as by Mario Cleri (1965) The Godfather Papers and Other Confessions (1972) inside(a) Las Vegas (1977) Short stories The Last Christmas (1950) John Red Marstons Island of Delight as by Mario Cleri (1964) macro Mikes Wild Young Sister-in-law as by Mario Cleri (1964) The Six Million slayer Sharks That Terrorize Our Shores as by Mario Cleri (1966) The Unkillable Six as by Mario Cleri (1967) Girls of fun Penthouse as by Mario Cleri (1968) Order Lucy For Tonight as by Mario Cleri (1968) 12 Barracks of Wild Blondes as Mario Cleri (1968) Screenplays The Godfather (1972) The Godfather Part II (1974) Earthquake (1974) Superman (1978) Superman II (1980) The Godfather Part III (1990) Christopher Columbus The Discovery (1992)SummaryThe book opens with the nuptials of Connie Corleone, daughter of Don Vito The Godfather Corleone, head of the most powerful of the five great Mafia clans or families of New York. Don Corleone is shot at by a new contender for power in the city, Virgil the Turk Solozzo, who plans to obtain power by the lure of vast profits in the drug trafficking trade. After the Don is incapacitated by his assassination attempt, the book follows the Corleone familys progress as they must now adapt to the changing times and power dynamics and maintain the Corleone empire.Santino Sonny Corleone is too blunt and brash a man to ever become Don while Freddie is weak and ineffective. The book follows the journey and transformation of the youngest, and hitherto the Dons most distant, son Michael as he realizes that though he may have tried to live by societys norms, rejecting what his father represented, inside lives a true Sicilian who will stop at zippo to get what he wants and protect those he loves. Michael has a tough task ahead of him, he has to locate his fathers would-be assassin, crush the rival gangs and be cured _or_ healed once more the respect that the name Corleone inspired in New York