The Long-Term Effects of Nicotine

In the organic structure, nicotine interacts with underlying nervous system receptors consisting of discordant combinations of alpha and beta proteins. This facilitates the tucker out of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin. The dependance produced is similar to that of opiates and cocaine (Johnson, go & Westman, 1999). Pharmacologically, the nicotine produces feelings of pleasure, arousal, and relaxation, amd may improve precaution and reaction time in addicted individuals. Also, the use of nicotine reduces c oncern and stress, relieves hunger, and prevents weight gain (Hunter et al., 1994). The banish transactions of the drug take increased blood pressure, join rate, coronary vasoconstriction, and the production of carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the lecture of oxygen in the body (Ferry, Joseph, Norman, & Prochazka, 1996).\n\nNot only does nicotine effect the body biologically, but it has unspoilt psychoactive ef fects as well. These psychoactive effects courting the smoking cars fashion to be reinforced, both positively and negatively. The positive keep (which causes the smoker to requirement to smoke) involves the stimulation of the nicotine receptors, which promotes higher(prenominal) rates of self-administration of the drug. The negative reinforcement (which causes the smoker to not want to not smoke) is in the miscellanea of withdrawal symptoms produced by inveterate use. Smokers also associate the acceptable effects of smoking mentioned previously with the taste, smell, and feel of the smoke in their throat, as well as the manipulation of the smoking materials. This is called conditioning, which is the study cause of relapse once smoking cessation has occurred (Hunter et al.).\n\nIn order for an individual to part smoking, the psychological, behavioral, and physical components of addiction must(prenominal) be considered so that an potent treatment plan rump be developed. T he most made approaches involve a combina...