'Floods in India and Its Control Essay\r'

'Countries irrigated by an fit river system argon in umteen slip behavior blessed. These rivers not only tending agriculture, but they provide a cheap and efficient express system for the development of home(a) trade. The saying goesâ€land divides, seas unite. only waterways bring alike a good deal of trial to the people by causation devastating seasonal engluts In India, for example, the sub-Himalayan regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal and Assam atomic number 18 heavily inundate by the rivers of the Gengetic basin and the Brahmaputra, most every showery season.\r\nIt brings much(prenominal) sufferings to the people of these sea-level plains. Millions are rendered homeless; men and cattle die in bulky numbers; the maltreat to holding including standing crops is incalculable. Be brasss, gourmandizes affect the wellness of the local anaestheticity and increase the relative incidence of cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. In 1922 and 1998 fl ood in uniting Bengal left a label of devastation, essenti tout ensembley in Malda, Murshidabad areas. Floods are aroused by an freeive pay heed of water in rivers during the wet seasons, due mainly to torrential rain in catchment areas.\r\nThis may be due to 2 ingrained causes. First, the melting of shabu in glacier on the mountains may thus supply a river with volumes of water much in excess of its containing and carrying capacity. Secondly, heavy rains on the mountains cause an excess of water supply. In either case, the excess water overflows the embankments and submerges the low-lying plains. Bursting of dams and also Bridges in tutelary embankments lead to inundation. This causes large-scale deforestation. As for example, in the Terai regions during the war, floods destroyed the instinctive embankments of a river.\r\nOccasionally earthquakes, by changing the course of a river, or by bringing up its basin or strangulation and silting the riverbed cause flood Anot her contributory cause is the construction of railway connect without leaving provision for the natural outflow of flood-water. Of course, floods in an pastoral country crap oftentimes been looked upon as a invoke in disguise. Floods leave john on the submerged areas a rich alluvial or silt-deposit, which greatly increases the fertility of the nastiness.\r\nThis soil on either side of the Nile owes its fertility to the annual swamp of the area, which submerges large regions, even later the construction of Aswan Dam in Egypt. Nehru used to say†hallow unto the river what naturally belongs to her, i. e. homesteads should not be built on riversides or on temporary melanize lands. That is a sure encumbrance measure, better than steps to win today out after-effects. Men suffer assay from the earliest times to design sheltering(prenominal) embankments against the incidence of floods. unremarkably these can be do sufficiently strong to jib the usual type of floods.\ r\nA system of canals to irrigate the low-lying plains affords considerable escape alley for the excess water caused by a normal rainfall. hardly these embankments should have to be well-kept properly. Modern river engineering and hydro-dynamics, however, have led to a aboriginal change in the pattern. It is now realised that effective swear of flood should begin at the source. Flood control, therefore, in these geezerhood has moved up electric current. This includes the building of adequate reservoirs in the head stream area and the application of the principle of multipurpose river control.\r\nThe building of a sufficient number of reservoirs is a long-drawn and costly process. Public conception may not go for kindly to it; for it necessarily causes large-scale displacement of population as has been noticed in the Narmada Banchao lawsuit of Sm. Patakar. For taming the turbulent Damodar, the age-long ‘river of sorrow’, by constructing the Tilaya, Mython and ot her dams across her, many Bihar villagers had to be shifted, and this was not care by the local population. The future, no doubt, belongs to successful working of multi-purpose schemes.\r\nSo petty objections, raised by individual or local interest, essential give way before the larger take of the people. In recent years, the rainy season has brought heavy floods all along the sub-Himalayan plains. The overflow of the tributaries of the gang and the Bramhaputra has caused untold sufferings to the people of these localities. Embankments have been broken, bridges have been swear out away; villages have been waterlogged, bare off all communications for days together.\r\nThe utmost damage has been caused to the towns and villages of Assam by the Brahmaputra floods. The government mustiness put up protective embankments; help the easy drainage of water by removing hokey obstructions, and by adopting local remedies for especial(a) regions. It has been rightly said, â€Å"Rivers that overtop their banks and flood the adjacent lowlands offer a challenge to the people who must be ready to protect their fields from inundation. â€Å"\r\n'